Abstract:We report total and differential cross sections for photodetachment from negative ions using Dyson orbitals calculated from equation-of-motion coupled-cluster wave functions and free wave description of the detached electron. The energy dependence of the cross sections is reproduced well, however, the accuracy of absolute values varies. For F(-), C(-), NH(2)(-), and H(-), the calculated cross sections are within the error bars from the experimental values, whereas the errors for Li(-) and OH(-) are about 20%. … Show more
“…Our electronic structure calculations indicate that the ground state of each neutral radical is accessed by removing an electron from an in-plane σ molecular orbital (MO) with s-p character localized on the deprotonated site of the closed-shell anion, whereas the first excited state of each radical is accessed by removal of an electron from a delocalized π MO of the anion. Calculated Dyson orbitals (38) for the photodetachment transitions for each isomer are shown in Fig. 4.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The photoelectron angular distributions and photodetachment cross sections for transitions to the neutral ground and excited states were calculated as functions of eKE with the ezDyson program (38,65). ezDyson takes as input the ab initio Dyson orbitals for the relevant photodetachment transitions and finds the contribution of partial spherical waves with angular momentum l ≤ 4 to the wavefunction of the outgoing photoelectron.…”
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in various charge and protonation states, are key compounds relevant to combustion chemistry and astrochemistry. Here, we probe the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of gas-phase 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals (C 14 H 9 ) by photodetachment of the corresponding cryogenically cooled anions via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging (cryo-SEVI). The use of a newly designed velocity-map imaging lens in combination with ion cooling yields photoelectron spectra with <2 cm −1 resolution. Isomer selection of the anions is achieved using gasphase synthesis techniques, resulting in observation and interpretation of detailed vibronic structure of the ground and lowest excited states for the three anthracenyl radical isomers. The groundstate bands yield electron affinities and vibrational frequencies for several Franck-Condon active modes of the 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals; term energies of the first excited states of these species are also measured. Spectra are interpreted through comparison with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, Franck-Condon simulations, and calculations of threshold photodetachment cross sections and anisotropies. Experimental measures of the subtle differences in energetics and relative stabilities of these radical isomers are of interest from the perspective of fundamental physical organic chemistry and aid in understanding their behavior and reactivity in interstellar and combustion environments. Additionally, spectroscopic characterization of these species in the laboratory is essential for their potential identification in astrochemical data.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | anion photoelectron spectroscopy | velocity-map imaging | vibronic structure P olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of species in many areas of chemistry. They are major components in coal (1) and in soot formed from combustion of organic matter (2, 3). PAHs are therefore common environmental pollutants and have well-documented mutagenic and carcinogenic biological activity (4, 5). PAHs are also believed to be abundant in the interstellar medium (6) and may be carriers of the anomalous IR emission bands (7-9). Recent molecular beam studies indicate that PAH growth can proceed through cold collisions of smaller hydrocarbons under interstellar conditions (10, 11). Individual PAH molecules can subsequently provide nucleation sites for amorphous graphitic grains (9). Interstellar PAHs and their clusters therefore bridge the gap between small carbonaceous molecules and larger particles, analogous to their role in soot condensation in combustion environments (12).In space, PAH species are likely to exist as an equilibrium of neutral and ionic charge states, with varying degrees of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation (13-15). Models of dense interstellar clouds find that anionic PAHs are the major carriers of negative charge, rather than free electrons (16). Closed-shell, singly deprotonated PAH carbanions have large electron affinities compared with ...
“…Our electronic structure calculations indicate that the ground state of each neutral radical is accessed by removing an electron from an in-plane σ molecular orbital (MO) with s-p character localized on the deprotonated site of the closed-shell anion, whereas the first excited state of each radical is accessed by removal of an electron from a delocalized π MO of the anion. Calculated Dyson orbitals (38) for the photodetachment transitions for each isomer are shown in Fig. 4.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The photoelectron angular distributions and photodetachment cross sections for transitions to the neutral ground and excited states were calculated as functions of eKE with the ezDyson program (38,65). ezDyson takes as input the ab initio Dyson orbitals for the relevant photodetachment transitions and finds the contribution of partial spherical waves with angular momentum l ≤ 4 to the wavefunction of the outgoing photoelectron.…”
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in various charge and protonation states, are key compounds relevant to combustion chemistry and astrochemistry. Here, we probe the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of gas-phase 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals (C 14 H 9 ) by photodetachment of the corresponding cryogenically cooled anions via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging (cryo-SEVI). The use of a newly designed velocity-map imaging lens in combination with ion cooling yields photoelectron spectra with <2 cm −1 resolution. Isomer selection of the anions is achieved using gasphase synthesis techniques, resulting in observation and interpretation of detailed vibronic structure of the ground and lowest excited states for the three anthracenyl radical isomers. The groundstate bands yield electron affinities and vibrational frequencies for several Franck-Condon active modes of the 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals; term energies of the first excited states of these species are also measured. Spectra are interpreted through comparison with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, Franck-Condon simulations, and calculations of threshold photodetachment cross sections and anisotropies. Experimental measures of the subtle differences in energetics and relative stabilities of these radical isomers are of interest from the perspective of fundamental physical organic chemistry and aid in understanding their behavior and reactivity in interstellar and combustion environments. Additionally, spectroscopic characterization of these species in the laboratory is essential for their potential identification in astrochemical data.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | anion photoelectron spectroscopy | velocity-map imaging | vibronic structure P olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of species in many areas of chemistry. They are major components in coal (1) and in soot formed from combustion of organic matter (2, 3). PAHs are therefore common environmental pollutants and have well-documented mutagenic and carcinogenic biological activity (4, 5). PAHs are also believed to be abundant in the interstellar medium (6) and may be carriers of the anomalous IR emission bands (7-9). Recent molecular beam studies indicate that PAH growth can proceed through cold collisions of smaller hydrocarbons under interstellar conditions (10, 11). Individual PAH molecules can subsequently provide nucleation sites for amorphous graphitic grains (9). Interstellar PAHs and their clusters therefore bridge the gap between small carbonaceous molecules and larger particles, analogous to their role in soot condensation in combustion environments (12).In space, PAH species are likely to exist as an equilibrium of neutral and ionic charge states, with varying degrees of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation (13-15). Models of dense interstellar clouds find that anionic PAHs are the major carriers of negative charge, rather than free electrons (16). Closed-shell, singly deprotonated PAH carbanions have large electron affinities compared with ...
“…53,54 In principle, PADs can be calculated using, for example, the relevant Dyson orbitals. 61,62 However, when autodetachment occurs from resonances and interference can occur with direct detachment channels, these methods become more difficult to apply and additional development on the theoretical front is required to capture changes in the PADs.…”
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Abstract:The resonant attachment of a free electron to a closed shell neutral molecule, and the interplay between the following electron detachment and electronic relaxation channels represents a fundamental but common process throughout chemical and biochemical systems. The new methodology of anion frequency-resolved photoelectron imaging is detailed and used to map-out molecular excited state dynamics of gas-phase para-benzoquinone, which is the electron accepting moiety in many biological electron-transfer chains. Three-dimensional spectra of excitation energy, electron kinetic energy and electron ejection anisotropy reveal clear fingerprints of excited and intermediate state dynamics. The results show that many of the excited states are strongly coupled, providing a route to forming the ground state radical anion, despite the fact that the electron is formally unbound in the excited states. The relation of our method to electron impact attachment studies and the key advantages, including the extension to time-resolved dynamics and to larger molecular systems is discussed.
“…54 More recent treatments of O 2 − photodetachment include single and multichannel scattering calculations using Schwinger variational methods 55 and calculation of the radial matrix elements for the central-potential model of Cooper and Zare using Dyson orbitals computed via coupled-cluster equation of motion methods. 56 Only in the application of the ZCC model 57 to diatomic anion photodetachment has the effect of vibrational excitation on the angular distribution been quantified. 2 The systematic test of the predicted ͑E͒ trends for each vibronic transition associated with the O 2 ͑X …”
The ZCC model invokes vibrational channel specific "detachment orbitals" and attributes this behavior to coupling of the electronic and nuclear motion in the parent anion. The spatial extent of the model detachment orbital is dependent on the final state of O 2 : the higher the neutral vibrational excitation, the larger the electron binding energy. Although vibronic coupling is ignored in most theoretical treatments of PADs in the direct photodetachment of molecular anions, the present findings clearly show that it can be important. These results represent a benchmark data set for a relatively simple system, upon which to base rigorous tests of more sophisticated models.
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