Cross-sectional study on bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors in Ambo district of West Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Aim:A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows.Materials and Methods:A total of 302 dairy cows were selected from all volunteer dairy farms in Ambo district of West Shewa Zone, Oromia region. Thorough clinical examination was made on all lactating cows for evidence of signs of clinical mastitis followed by collection of milk sample for examination of gross changes of milk secretion and California mastitis test.Result:About 126 (41.7%) cows had mastitis, of which 9.9% (30/302) were clinical and 32.8% (96/302) were subclinical mastitis cases. The quarter level prevalence was 44.4% (536/1208), comprising 9.3% (112/1208), clinical and 32.8% (396/1208) subclinical forms of mastitis. In addition, 5.5% (66/1208) of teats were found to be blind on the clinical examination of udder and teat. The Chi-square analysis of intrinsic risk factors revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of mastitis in crossbred cattle (47.2%) than indigenous (15.4%), in cattle above 7 years (75%) than less than 2-6 years of age (28%) and cows given more than 4 calves (81.3%) than those with less than 4 calves (31.1%) irrespective to their lactation stage. There was also significantly (p<0.05) higher mastitis prevalence in larger (46.6%) than smaller herds (24.2%) and among the farming systems in semi-intensive (47.1%) and intensive (42.3%) than extensive (8.1%) management system.Conclusion:This study indicated a higher prevalence of mastitis linked with several risk factors. Thus, early diagnosis and regular screening of cows for subclinical mastitis together with proper therapeutic management of clinical cases are of paramount importance. Moreover, control and prevention strategies should be designed and implemented with great emphasis given to risk factors to reduce bovine mastitis and its impact on milk production and food security.

Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

“…This study reported a higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis (74%) than clinical (7%) mastitis. These findings agree with other studies by Zeryehun and Abera [ 13 ] and as reported elsewhere by [ 3 , 39 ]. These significant differences could be attributed to the fact that clinical mastitis can easily be diagnosed and treated [ 4 ], whereas, on the other hand, the subclinical form has no physical abnormalities; hence, it is hardly diagnosed by the farmers and continues to be a source of infection in the farm [ 2 , 43 ].…”

“…The present study reported clinical mastitis of 6.8%. These findings were closely related to what was reported by Sarba and Tola [ 39 ], 9.9%, and Zeryehun and Abera [ 13 ], 10%, in Ethiopia. However, they were lower than findings by Amer et al [ 18 ] in Japan, who reported a prevalence of 12%, Tolosa et al [ 38 ] and Mekibib et al [ 40 ] in Ethiopia, and Levison et al [ 41 ] in Canada, who reported prevalence of 12%, 11%, 22.7%, and 23%, respectively.…”

Prevalence of Bovine Clinical Mastitis and Farmer’s Awareness in and Around Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia

“…But, the result was higher than 2.6% [23] 3.75% in and around Wolaita Sodo [26] and 3% in and around Bahir Dar [27]. However, the current finding was lower than 9.9% reported [28] in Ambo, central Ethiopia.…”

Study on prevalence, clinical presentation, and associated bacterial pathogens of goat mastitis in Bauchi, Plateau, and Edo states, Nigeria

“…A lack of screening SCM and late or not treating clinical cases could lead to acquired blindness of mammary gland. Blind mammary quarters contribute to high SCM and loss of milk production with a subsequent impact on food security [43].…”