Cross-sectional study of virological failure and multinucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance at 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in Western India

Abstract

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Ending AIDS: The 90–90–90 strategy

“…Interestingly, the treatment failure rate at 12 months on ART was only 1.68% compared to the overall treatment failure rate of 12.6% reported from four ART centres in Pune. 11 Despite lower CD4 cut-off to initiate ART and lower median baseline CD4 count, the treatment failure rates are low in contrast to other study reports. These low treatment failure rates may be a reflection of differences in type study participants attending the ART clinic.…”

Antiretroviral resistance following immunological monitoring in a resource-limited setting of western India: A cross-sectional study

“…Based on the Stanford database HIVDR scoring system, low- to high-levels of resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and tenofovir (TDF) was seen in 65.33% and 49.33% of sequences, respectively. Predicted susceptibility to NRTI in sequences from the present study were compared with our prior study, wherein first-line ART failure was diagnosed by virological monitoring at 12 months of ART [ 9 ]. The proportion of sequences with low- to high-level resistance to TDF and AZT were significantly higher following immunological monitoring (p < 0.005) ( Fig 3 ).…”

“…In a study involving 142 subjects with virological failure from 6 sub-Saharan African countries, the prevalence of TAMs at the end of one year of ART was just 8.50% [ 20 ]. Previously, we reported the presence of TAMs in 17.50% sequences following virological failure at 12 months of ART [ 9 ]. The predicted susceptibility of NRTI analogues following IM, were significantly lower than that following targeted virological monitoring at 12 months of ART due to accumulation of TAMs.…”

“…Characteristics of the study participants were summarized by median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables and by proportion for categorical variables. The proportion of sequences with thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs; M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) from the individuals with immunological failure in present study was compared with the sequences from a virological failure (VF) group of prior study by Karade et al [ 9 ]. In this study, virological suppression was assessed in 847 participants at 12 ± 2 months of ART initiation and HIV drug resistance genotyping was performed in 80 individuals with virological failure (VF) [ 9 ].…”

“…The proportion of sequences with thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs; M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) from the individuals with immunological failure in present study was compared with the sequences from a virological failure (VF) group of prior study by Karade et al [ 9 ]. In this study, virological suppression was assessed in 847 participants at 12 ± 2 months of ART initiation and HIV drug resistance genotyping was performed in 80 individuals with virological failure (VF) [ 9 ]. Differences between these two groups were compared using the Student’s t-test for continuous variables and by Pearson’s Chi-square test for categorical variables.…”