Cross-sectional study of MERS-CoV-specific RNA and antibodies in animals that have had contact with MERS patients in Saudi Arabia

Kasem, Samy; Qasim, Ibraheem; Al-Hufofi, Ali; Hashim, Osman; Alkarar, Ali; Abu-Obeida, Ali; Gaafer, Albagir; Elfadil, Abdelhamid Ahmed Mohamed; Zaki, Ahmed Z S .A.; Al-Romaihi, Ahmed; Babekr, Nasereldeen; El-Harby, Nadr; Hussien, Raed; AL-Sahaf, Ali; Al-Doweriej, Ali; Bayoumi, Faisal; Poon, Leo L. M.; Chu, Daniel K.W.; Peiris, Malik; Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.09.022

Cited by 39 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In a study conducted across Burkina Faso, Morocco and Ethiopia, dromedaries used for milk and meat had higher seroprevalence than those used for transport (Miguel et al, 2017). In most of the studies that stratified by sex, little difference was seen, but in Kenya females had statistically significantly higher seroprevalence than males (93% vs. 81% in one study (Munyua et al, 2017), and 74% vs. 54% in another (Ommeh et al 2018)) whereas males had significantly higher seroprevalence in Egypt and in KSA (72% and 84% in males vs. 66% in females) (Ali et al, 2017b;Kasem et al, 2018b).…”

Section: Sample Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Age stratified studies in KSA and Jordan found that juveniles had a higher RNA-positivity than adults (Alagaili et al, 2014;van Doremalen et al, 2017;Kasem et al, 2018b). RNA-positivity also had an inverse association with age in dromedaries across Morocco, Burkina Faso and Ethiopia (Miguel et al, 2017).…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Higher in older animals p < 0.001 (Saqib et al, 2017 Higher in camels > 2yrs p = 0.003 (Kasem et al, 2018b) The bold type highlights the aggregated seroprevalence values presented graphically in figure 3. a Age stratified results were calculated by us, using disaggregated results presented by authors. b Number of animals in each age class not supplied.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is driven by recurring dromedary-to-human spill-over events, leading decision-makers to consider dromedary vaccination. Dromedary vaccine candidates in the development pipeline are showing hopeful results, but gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in dromedaries must be addressed to design and evaluate potential vaccination strategies. We aim to bring together existing measures of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels to assess the distribution of infection, highlighting knowledge gaps and implications for animal vaccination. We systematically reviewed the published literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science that reported seroprevalence and/or prevalence of active MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. 60 studies met our eligibility criteria. Qualitative syntheses determined that MERS-CoV seroprevalence increased with age up to 80-100% in adult dromedaries supporting geographically widespread endemicity of MERS-CoV in dromedaries in both the Arabian Peninsula and countries exporting dromedaries from Africa. The high prevalence of active infection measured in juveniles and at sites where dromedary populations mix should guide further investigation -particularly of dromedary movement -and inform vaccination strategy design and evaluation through mathematical modelling.

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Section: Sample Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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“…A study 25 of animal herds associated with patients with MERS-CoV infection in Saudi Arabia found that the nasal swabs of 75 of 584 dromedary camels were positive for MERS-CoV RNA for about 2 weeks, whereas the nasal swabs were negative for MERS-CoV RNA in other animals, including goats, sheep, and cattle. Notably, 70·9% of camels associated with individuals with MERS-CoV infections had MERS-CoV antibodies as determined by ELISA assays, and full genome sequencing identified ten MERS-CoV camel isolates that were identical to the isolates of their corresponding 25 Nevertheless, testing of sera from 191 people with various degrees of exposure to an infected dromedary herd found no serological evidence of infection. 26 These data suggest that although MERS-CoV infection is widespread among dromedary camels, zoonotic transmission of MERS-CoV from camels to human beings is relatively uncommon, and human disease burden is not directly proportional to potential exposure to camels.…”

Section: Transmission From Camels To Human Beingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission

Hui

Azhar

Kim

et al. 2018

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

388

327

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lethal zoonosis that causes death in 35·7% of cases. As of Feb 28, 2018, 2182 cases of MERS-CoV infection (with 779 deaths) in 27 countries were reported to WHO worldwide, with most being reported in Saudi Arabia (1807 cases with 705 deaths). MERS-CoV features prominently in the WHO blueprint list of priority pathogens that threaten global health security. Although primary transmission of MERS-CoV to human beings is linked to exposure to dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), the exact mode by which MERS-CoV infection is acquired remains undefined. Up to 50% of MERS-CoV cases in Saudi Arabia have been classified as secondary, occurring from human-to-human transmission through contact with asymptomatic or symptomatic individuals infected with MERS-CoV. Hospital outbreaks of MERS-CoV are a hallmark of MERS-CoV infection. The clinical features associated with MERS-CoV infection are not MERS-specific and are similar to other respiratory tract infections. Thus, the diagnosis of MERS can easily be missed, unless the doctor or health-care worker has a high degree of clinical awareness and the patient undergoes specific testing for MERS-CoV. The largest outbreak of MERS-CoV outside the Arabian Peninsula occurred in South Korea in May, 2015, resulting in 186 cases with 38 deaths. This outbreak was caused by a traveller with undiagnosed MERS-CoV infection who became ill after returning to Seoul from a trip to the Middle East. The traveller visited several health facilities in South Korea, transmitting the virus to many other individuals long before a diagnosis was made. With 10 million pilgrims visiting Saudi Arabia each year from 182 countries, watchful surveillance by public health systems, and a high degree of clinical awareness of the possibility of MERS-CoV infection is essential. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive update and synthesis of the latest available data on the epidemiology, determinants, and risk factors of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission of MERS-CoV, and suggest measures to reduce risk of transmission.

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“…Since September 2012, 27 countries have reported cases of MERS and WHO has been notified of 2079 laboratory-confirmed cases with at least 722 deaths by the end of August 2017 [2]. MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel virus from camels [6,10,11], but the mechanisms of direct or indirect zoonotic transmission have yet to be known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Middle East respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in livestock and temporal relation to locations and seasons

Kasem¹,

Qasim²,

Al-Doweriej³

et al. 2018

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Cross-sectional study of MERS-CoV-specific RNA and antibodies in animals that have had contact with MERS patients in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: These findings indicate that camels are a significant reservoir for the maintenance of MERS-CoVs, and they are an important source of human infection with MERS.

Cited by 39 publications

References 37 publications

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission

The prevalence of Middle East respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in livestock and temporal relation to locations and seasons

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