Cross-sectional association of meal skipping with lipid profiles and blood glucose in Chinese adults

Chen, Liying; Du, Xin; Liu, Wenxian; Du, Jian; Guo, Lan; Xia, Shijun; Yang, Yuan; Zheng, Yang; Wu, Shulin; Guang, Xuefeng; Zhou, Xianhui; Lin, Hongbo; Cheng, Xiaoshu; Sang, Caihua; Dong, Jianzeng; Ma, Changsheng

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111245

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In respect of subtype of dyslipidemia, higher risk of hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C were associated with Group 3, which was similar with the findings of Chen's study [35]. Plasma cholesterol level is regulated by the interplay between endogenous cholesterol synthesis, intestinal cholesterol absorption, and bile acid synthesis and excretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Trajectories of Energy Intake Distribution and Risk of Dyslipidemia: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2018)

Song

Wang

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Few studies have examined the secular trend of energy intake distribution. This study aims to describe trajectories of energy intake distribution and determine their association with dyslipidemia risk. Data of 2843 adult participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed. Trajectory groups of energy intake distribution were identified by multi-trajectory model over 27 years. Multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust estimation of variance was used to calculate risk ratio for incident dyslipidemia in a 9-year follow-up. Four trajectory groups were identified: “Energy evenly distributed group” (Group 1), “Lunch and dinner energy dominant group” (Group 2), “Dinner energy dominant group” (Group 3), “breakfast and dinner energy dominant group” (Group 4). Compared with Group 1, Group 3 was associated with higher risk of dyslipidemia (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.75), hypercholesterolemia (RR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.81) and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterols (LDL-C) (RR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.82, 3.20). A U-shape was observed between cumulative average proportion of dinner energy and dyslipidemia risk (p for non-linear = 0.01), with stronger relationship at 40% and above. Energy intake distribution characterized by higher proportion of dinner energy, especially over 40% was associated with higher dyslipidemia risk in Chinese adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Trajectories of Energy Intake Distribution and Risk of Dyslipidemia: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2018)

Song

Wang

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…The difference in meal pattern could be attributed to cultural and social factors [ 27 , 28 ] and variations in satiety through the day [ 2 ]. However, a growing body of evidence has suggested meal pattern’s relationship with health outcomes, with a large energy proportion towards later in the day linked to higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia [ 4 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Therefore, the time-of-day of energy intake demonstrated by the present study could provide critical context to research efforts to investigate the relationship with diet-related health outcomes and to generate specific public health recommendations on meal patterns for the study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trends in Time-of-Day of Energy Intake in a Chinese Cohort

Song

Wang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Few studies have described the status and change of time-of-day of energy intake on a population level. This study aims to investigate the secular trend in time-of-day of energy intake using a Chinese cohort, and to examine demographic disparities in trends. A total of 20,976 adults with at least two waves of dietary data in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1991–2018) were included. A multilevel linear mixed model was applied to the energy proportions of breakfast, lunch and dinner. A multilevel Tobit regression model was applied to the energy proportion of morning snack, afternoon snack and evening snack. Time-demographic interaction terms were tested to examine demographic disparities in the trends. From 1991 to 2018, the marginal mean of the energy proportion of breakfast experienced first a falling and then a rising trend, and the marginal mean of energy proportions of lunch and dinner both presented first a rising and then a falling trend. The marginal means of all snacks took on a rising trend. Significant time-demographic interactions were observed for energy proportion of each eating occasion. On average, female, older and rural people tended to have a higher energy proportion at breakfast and lower energy proportion at lunch and dinner. Female, younger and urban people tended to have higher snack energy proportions. The time-of-day of energy intake has first shifted towards later in the day and then towards a balanced meal pattern in this Chinese cohort. Demographic disparities were observed in both the secular trend and the mean level of energy proportions of eating occasions. The health implications of such meal patterns warrant further investigation.

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“…The association is biologically plausible. Delaying breakfast could be associated with worse glycemic control ( 15 ), lipid profile ( 17 ), inflammation ( 16 ), and alterations in the cortisol rhythm ( 30 ), which may then lead to breast cancer risk ( 11 , 12 , 31 , 32 ). In animal models, it has been shown that skipping the analogous breakfast, delaying the first active-phase meal by 4 h, can be associated with increased visceral fat ( 33 ), increased hepatic lipid accumulation ( 34 ), and with a phase delay in the expression of circadian genes in the liver and fat tissue ( 35 , 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from the multicase-control study (MCC-Spain) and the NutriNet-Santé cohort showed that having an early dinner was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer compared with a late dinner (9,10). In contrast, previous studies indicate that skipping breakfast, or delaying the first meal, can lead to metabolic and inflammatory deregulation (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). It has also been inconsistently linked with weight gain (14, 18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Association of time of breakfast and nighttime fasting duration with breast cancer risk in the multicase-control study in Spain

et al. 2022

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Circadian nutritional behaviors, defined by the daily eating/fasting cycle, have been linked with breast cancer. This study aimed to further disentangle the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk. We analyzed data from 1,181 breast cancer cases and 1,326 population controls from the Spanish multicase-control study (MCC-Spain), 2008–2013. We collected circadian nutritional behaviors at mid-age via a telephonic interview. We applied logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk in all women and stratified by menopausal status. Models were adjusted for age, center, education, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, number of children, breastfeeding, age at first child, body mass index (BMI), contraceptive use, and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). A later time of breakfast was associated with a non-significant increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95–1.16, per hour increase). This association was stronger among premenopausal women, among whom each hour later, the time of breakfast was associated with an 18% increase in breast cancer risk (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.40). The association was not observed in postmenopausal women. We did not observe an association between nighttime fasting duration and breast cancer risk after adjusting for the time of breakfast. In this study, late breakfast was associated with increased breast cancer risk, especially among premenopausal women, compared with early breakfast. Aside from nutritional quality, circadian nutritional behaviors should be further studied in relation to cancer.

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Cross-sectional association of meal skipping with lipid profiles and blood glucose in Chinese adults

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Trajectories of Energy Intake Distribution and Risk of Dyslipidemia: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2018)

Trajectories of Energy Intake Distribution and Risk of Dyslipidemia: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991–2018)

Secular Trends in Time-of-Day of Energy Intake in a Chinese Cohort

Association of time of breakfast and nighttime fasting duration with breast cancer risk in the multicase-control study in Spain

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