Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Anxiety and Irritability With Adolescents’ Neural Responses to Cognitive Conflict

Cardinale, Elise M.; Bezek, Jessica; Morales, Santiago; Filippi, Courtney; Smith, Ashley R.; Haller, Simone P.; Valadez, Emilio A.; Harrewijn, Anita; Phillips, Dominique; Chronis‐Tuscano, Andrea; Brotman, Melissa A.; Pine, Daniel S.; Leibenluft, Ellen; Kircanski, Katharina

doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.007

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Our ndings con ict with previous research linking heightened activation of salience network regions with anxiety [89]. Although, one study found that that stress-induced activation of the dorsal ACC and anterior insula was not related to anxiety in adolescents [43], other studies have found activation of the ACC and insula is negatively associated with anxiety in youth [90,91], possibly re ecting in exibility responding to change or error, particularly from childhood to adolescence. Given the dACC and insula are regions that also help to engage cognitive control [92], it is possible that a stress-induced decrease in dACC and anterior insula activation to loss in our study re ects a di culty to exibly respond to future life stress.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Neural Sensitivity following Stress Predicts Anhedonia Symptoms: A 2-Year Multi-wave, Longitudinal Study

Pagliaccio

Pizzagalli

Auerbach³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Animal models of depression show that acute stress negatively impacts functioning in neural regions sensitive to reward and punishment, often manifesting as anhedonic behaviors. However, few human studies have probed stress-induced neural activation changes in relation to anhedonia, which is critical for clarifying risk for affective disorders. Participants (N = 85, 12-14-years-old, 53 female), oversampled for risk of depression, were administered clinical assessments and completed an fMRI guessing task to probe neural response to receipt of rewards and losses. After the initial task run, participants received an acute stressor and then, were re-administered the guessing task. Including baseline, participants provided up to 10 self-report assessments of life stress and symptoms over a 2-year period. Linear mixed-effects models estimated whether change in neural activation (post- vs. pre-acute stressor) moderated the longitudinal associations between life stress and symptoms over time. Primary analyses indicated that adolescents with stress-related reductions in right ventral striatum response to rewards exhibited stronger longitudinal associations between life stress and anhedonia severity (pFDR=.048). Secondary analyses showed that longitudinal associations among life stress and depression severity were moderated by stress-related increases in dorsal striatum response to rewards (pFDR<.002). Additionally, longitudinal associations among life stress and anxiety severity were moderated by stress-related reductions in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and right anterior insula response to loss (pFDR≤.012). All results held when adjusting for comorbid symptoms. Results show convergence with animal models, highlighting mechanisms that may facilitate stress-induced anhedonia as well as a separable pathway for the emergence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Neural Sensitivity following Stress Predicts Anhedonia Symptoms: A 2-Year Multi-wave, Longitudinal Study

Pagliaccio

Pizzagalli

Auerbach³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Although this sample was enriched to represent a wide range of infant temperament, neither of the two samples included in the present study had any mental health‐related inclusion or exclusion criteria. Information about recruitment procedures, participant health, and screening measures may be found in prior publications (Buzzell, Richards, et al, 2017; Cardinale et al, 2021; Smith et al, 2020). All participants over the age of 18 provided written informed consent; for participants under the age of 18, parents signed consent and youth signed assent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All subjects recruited with the first approach were only studied once. A total of 78 subjects, described in Smith et al (2020) and Cardinale et al (2021), were recruited from a longitudinal sample followed since infancy. The participants from this study were included only if they had an EEG, structural MRI, and fMRI sessions at 12 or 15 years of age.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fMRI version, trials consisted of a 300-600-ms fixation cross, a 200-ms flanker stimulus, and then a 1700-ms blank screen. Additional details of the EEG session can be found in Buzzell, Richards, et al (2017) and of the fMRI session in Smith et al (Smith et al, 2020) and Cardinale et al (2021). Participants were included in the analyses if they made a minimum of 10 errors on incongruent trials during each of the EEG and fMRI sessions.…”

Section: Experimental Task Apparatus and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimodal study of the neural sources of error monitoring in adolescents and adults

et al. 2023

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The ability to monitor performance during a goal‐directed behavior differs among children and adults in ways that can be measured with several tasks and techniques. As well, recent work has shown that individual differences in error monitoring moderate temperamental risk for anxiety and that this moderation changes with age. We investigated age differences in neural responses linked to performance monitoring using a multimodal approach. The approach combined functional MRI and source localization of event‐related potentials (ERPs) in 12‐year‐old, 15‐year‐old, and adult participants. Neural generators of two components related to performance and error monitoring, the N2 and ERN, lay within specific areas of fMRI clusters. Whereas correlates of the N2 component appeared similar across age groups, age‐related differences manifested in the location of the generators of the ERN component. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was the predominant source location for the 12‐year‐old group; this area manifested posteriorly for the 15‐year‐old and adult groups. A fMRI‐based ROI analysis confirmed this pattern of activity. These results suggest that changes in the underlying neural mechanisms are related to developmental changes in performance monitoring.

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“…Consistent with scar theories , much data indicates that between persons, anxiety and related issues could precede and predict future EF deficits across persons and diverse developmental stages, even after adjusting for outcomes at baseline. Parent- and self-rated anxiety, irritability, and hyperactivity predicted later attenuated neural responses in cognitive control-related brain regions (e.g., left cuneus) and issues with error monitoring, WM, and attention following 4 [ 30 ] to 14 years [ 31 ], over and above baseline EF indices. Furthermore, heightened anxiety, frequent abuse, and neglect predicted worse attention and EF deficits more potently among persons with low socioeconomic status in children and adolescents 7 to 33 years later [ 32 ].…”

Section: Scar Theories: Anxiety Constructs Predict Ef-related Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

Zainal

Newman

2022

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review We synthesize theories proposing complex relations between cognitive functioning and anxiety-related concepts. We evaluate vulnerability theories suggesting that deficits in various cognitive functioning domains predict future anxiety-associated concepts. We examine scar theories asserting the opposite direction of effects (i.e., anxiety predicting cognitive dysfunction). Furthermore, we examine more novel frameworks on this topic. Recent Findings Reliable evidence exists for the scar and vulnerability theories. This includes mounting data on diverse anxiety symptoms predicting cognitive dysfunction (and conversely) unfolding at between- and within-person levels (dynamic mutualism theory). It also includes data on the stronger effects or central influence of anxiety (versus non-anxiety) symptoms on executive functioning (EF; i.e., higher-order cognitive control governing myriad thinking and action repertoires) versus non-EF domains and vice versa (network theory). In addition, it reviews emerging evidence that enhanced cognitive control can correlate with higher anxiety among children (overgeneralized control theory). Summary The generally inverse relations between anxiety symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are bidirectional and complex within and between persons. Plausible mediators and moderators merit more attention, including immune, metabolism, and neural markers and the social determinants of health.

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Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Anxiety and Irritability With Adolescents’ Neural Responses to Cognitive Conflict

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Neural Sensitivity following Stress Predicts Anhedonia Symptoms: A 2-Year Multi-wave, Longitudinal Study

Neural Sensitivity following Stress Predicts Anhedonia Symptoms: A 2-Year Multi-wave, Longitudinal Study

Multimodal study of the neural sources of error monitoring in adolescents and adults

Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

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