Cross Section of the Reaction<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Holloway, M. G.; Bethe, Hans A.

doi:10.1103/physrev.57.747

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The reduction in proton energy when passing through the window was calculated from the data given by Livingston & Bethe (1937). The results for cr are presented graphically in figure 2, which also shows the single observation of Holloway & Bethe (1940). Considering the uncertainty in reduction of energy by the mica window used here and the aluminium window used by Holloway & Bethe, the agreement between the two results is good.…”

Section: R Esults For the Cross-sectionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…They obtained their result using ordinary nitrogen, which contains only 0*38 % of the heavy isotope, and their results suggested that the yield of the reaction is relatively high. This was confirmed by Holloway & Bethe (1940), who used nitrogen enriched to 70% in N15; they measured the effective cross-section, or, a t a proton energy of 360 keV and found a to be 1*3 x 10~26 cm.2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Since the intensity of disintegration products is not expected to vary rapidly with angle, the curved film method, with discrete areas, appears to satisfy all the require ments in a simple angular distribution experiment. However, measurements involving the detection of particles of various ranges, or the variation of range with angle, require the tracks to be nearly parallel to the surface of the emulsion as in the methods of Chadwick et al (1944) or Rubin (1947); alternatively-at high yieldsa cloud chamber will give the information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transformation of the nitrogen isotope of mass 15 into carbon and helium by bombardment with protons

Cochrane¹,

Hester²

1949

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Measurements of the ‘cross-section’ of the nuclear reaction N 15 (p, α) C 12 have been made for protons with different values of the energy in the interval between 200 and 450 keV. There are indications of a broad maximum, in the curve showing the variation of ‘cross-section’ with energy, in the neighbourhood of 400 keV, with a width of 150 keV. The partial proton width of the maximum is 250 eV. Extrapolation of the one-level dispersion formula, together with the theory of thermonuclear reactions, gives a lifetime of 3 x 10 4 years for N 15 in the sun. A photographic method of determining the angular distribution of the emitted α-particles is described. The angular distribution near 400 keV is found to be approximately isotropic, the deviations from isotropy being, at most, 10%.

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Section: R Esults For the Cross-sectionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transformation of the nitrogen isotope of mass 15 into carbon and helium by bombardment with protons

Cochrane¹,

Hester²

1949

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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“…47 Reform results from 1985 through 1990 transformed a relatively apolitical and insulated military establishment into a considerably more political and socially open body. The army now had to rely on bargaining to keep control over its autonomy.…”

Section: The Demise Of the Soviet Union And A Military Coupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Russian Soldiers in the Late Twentieth Century

Ardovino

2005

Comparative Strategy

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When Marshall Yazov initiated his quick and bloodless coup against the Soviet President in December 1991, the world witnessed a radical shift in civil-military relations. The Soviet penetration model constructed under the rubric of Stalin's totalitarian regime in the 1920s had survived over thirty years and helped build the Soviet Union into one of the world's two great superpowers. Yet this penetration model, as conceptualized by Eric Nordlinger, did not collapse as much as it evolved. Nordlinger correctly describes the early form and function of the penetration model but did not take into account changes in Soviet civil-military relations over time. Even today, well into the twenty-first century, the twelve-year old armed forces of the Russian Federation struggle to maintain a corporate identity, mission and resources in a time of both economic and political uncertainty. Russia's military faces a position of inferiority in relation to its former Cold War adversaries as well as internal conflict. Just how the armed forces act and react will likely be based partly on past behavior and experience. The Early Years of the Russian Army and the Penetration ModelThe Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was the first to utilize what Eric Nordlinger calls a penetration-type of civil-military relations. In this instance, civilian governors obtain loyalty and obedience by "penetrating" the armed forces with political ideas or even fully developed ideologies via the use of political personnel. 1 Military officers are intensively imbued with the civilian governors' political ideas and political conformity is rewarded. To maintain control over the military officers' education and supervision, extensive use of surveillance is used. In fact, the adoption of a penetration model is generally limited to regimes where there is a single locus of power and cannot be used effectively where there a competing centers of power. 2 Indeed, Nordlinger theoretically conceptualizes a type of political control that is nearly absolute. Meanwhile, he also discussed another type of political control which is far less extreme. This liberal-type of civilian control is explicitly premised upon the differentiation of elites according to their expertise and responsibilities. 3 Civilians are responsible for and skilled in determining domestic and foreign goals while military officers are trained and experienced in the managerial and applied utilization of force and for protecting the state against external attack and the government against domestic threats. The key emphasis is that both civilian and military leaders are autonomous in their own spheres even though the military accepts a distinctly subordinate position in overall decision-making to elected civilian leaders. Nordlinger makes rather broad distinctions between civilian domination of the military and civilian control over the military. Similarly, Huntington makes a grand differentiation between Western societies like the United States and Great Britain which ideally r...

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The History and Impact of the CNO Cycles in Nuclear Astrophysics

Wiescher

2018

Phys. Perspect.

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Cross Section of the ReactionN15(p,α)C12

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

The transformation of the nitrogen isotope of mass 15 into carbon and helium by bombardment with protons

The transformation of the nitrogen isotope of mass 15 into carbon and helium by bombardment with protons

Russian Soldiers in the Late Twentieth Century

The History and Impact of the CNO Cycles in Nuclear Astrophysics

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