Cross-scale variation in the density and spatial distribution of an Amazonian non-timber forest resource

Determining the optimal harvest cycle for copaíba (Copaifera spp.) oleoresin production

“…In other studies, the minimum diameter for extraction activities in copaíba trees was 30 cm (Leite et al, 2001;Plowden, 2003), which is similar to the 35 cm minimum adopted in our study. Finally, in contrast to certain other studies (Newton et al 2012b), the study site is not subject to periodic flooding.…”

“…Studies have analyzed aspects of population distribution, density and structure, the differences between species and their environmental requirements (Alencar, 1982;Ramirez and Arroyo, 1990;Plowden, 2004;Rigamonte-Azevedo et al, 2006;Medeiros and Vieira, 2008;Herrero-Jáuregui et al, 2012;Martins et al, 2012;Newton et al, 2012aNewton et al, , 2012b, and the diameter of the trees where production is higher (Plowden, 2003). From an economic perspective, Newton et al (2012a) estimated the number of productive trees and their oleoresin extraction value in two reserves, providing data on the prices of this product in different links of the supply chain and recommending a gradual increase of its price level.…”

<b>Sampling sufficiency of the anatomical characteristics of Brazilian hardwood using the resampling method

“…Sampling techniques are widely used in order to obtain accurate inferences of unknown population parameters. The reach and importance of this technique is evidenced in many areas, such as forest inventory (NEWTON et al, 2012), water preservation in forest ecosystems (BIAO et al, 2010), biodiversity in marine bioevaluation (XU et al, 2012) and agricultural science (CARGNELUTTI-FILHO et al, 2010;STORCK et al, 2012).…”

Assessment of Ecosystem Services Based on Multiple Criteria and Group Decision Making

“…Traditional approaches such as Regression Analysis (RA) and multivariate models are used more frequently (Ren et al, 2011), although data mining and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques are becoming more popular in the latest DSS (Ficko et al, 2011). Recently, many authors have developed statistical spatial models to capture data from new sources such as GIS (Newton et al, 2012).…”

“…In response to the increasing use of GIS and due to the characteristics of the data provided in forestry, spatial statistics have emerged for the analysis of this type of data (Newton et al, 2012). Simulation models, such as Monte Carlo Simulation Method (MCSM), and Growth Models (GM) are useful complementary tools to other statistical techniques (Loudermilk et al, 2011).…”