Cross-Reactivity of Secondary Antibodies against African Rodents and Application for Sero-Surveillance

Nakamura, Ichiro; Hang’ombe, Bernard M.; Sawa, Hirofumi; Kobayashi, Shintaro; Ishii, Akihiro; Thomas, Yuka; Isozumi, Rie; Yoshimatsu, Kumiko; Mweene, Aaron S.; Takada, Ayato; Sugimoto, Chihiro; Arikawa, Jiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.12-0471

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Detection of such antibodies in 35/199 (17.6%) (95% CI 12.57–23.6%) animals and 25/199 (12.6%) (95% CI 8.30–17.98%) when anti-mouse antibody and anti-rat antibody respectively were used as secondary antibodies, suggests that anti-mouse immunoglobulin is the most cross-reactive to the heterologous antibodies in the rodent population. These results are consistence with those obtained by Nakamura et al [ 15 ]. In a similar study conducted in California, Smith et al [ 25 ] detected Y. pestis antibodies in 18% of rodents by ELISA tests.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Trapping of domestic and peri-domestic rodents was done using Shermans live traps (50 × 65 × 157 mm) and wire meshed cages (145 × 100 × 230 mm) (Hoga-lab, Kyoto, Japan) in the nearby bushes and in houses respectively [ 15 ]. Each captured rodent or shrew was put in a bag containing cotton wool soaked with 90% diethyl ether to anaesthetise both the host and the ectoparasites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological and PCR investigation of Yersinia pestis in potential reservoir hosts from a plague outbreak focus in Zambia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPlague is a bacterial zoonotic disease, caused by Yersinia pestis. Rodents are the natural hosts with fleas as the vehicle of disease transmission. Domestic and wild dogs and cats have also been identified as possible disease hosts. In Zambia, plague outbreaks have been reported in the Southern and Eastern regions in the last 20 years. Based on these observations, Y. pestis could possibly be endemically present in the area.MethodsTo substantiate such possibility, sera samples were collected from rodents, shrews, dogs and cats for detection of antibodies against Fraction 1 gene (Fra1) of Y. pestis while organs from rodents and shrews, and fleas from both dogs and rodents were collected to investigate plasminogen activator gene (pla gene) of Y. pestis using ELISA and PCR respectively.ResultsA total of 369 blood samples were collected from domestic carnivores, shrews and domestic and peri-domestic rodents while 199 organs were collected from the rodents and shrews. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against Fra1 antigen using ELISA and 3% (5/165) (95% CI 0.99–6.93%) dogs were positive while all cats were negative. Of 199 sera from rodents and shrews, 12.6% (95% CI 8.30–17.98%) were positive for antibodies against Fra1 using anti-rat IgG secondary antibody while using anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody, 17.6% (95% CI 12.57–23.60%) were positive. PCR was run on the organs and 2.5% (95% CI 0.82–5.77%) were positive for plasminogen activator gene of Y. pestis and the amplicons were sequenced and showed 99% identity with Y. pestis reference sequences. All 82 fleas collected from animals subjected to PCR, were negative for pla gene. The specific rat-flea and dog-flea indices were 0.19 and 0.27 respectively, which were lower than the level required to enhance chances of the disease outbreak.ConclusionsWe concluded that plague was still endemic in the area and the disease may infect human beings if contact is enhanced between reservoir hosts and flea vectors. The lower specific rodent-flea Indices and absence of Y. pestis in the potential vectors were considered to be partly responsible for the current absence of plague outbreaks despite its presence in the sylvatic cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and PCR investigation of Yersinia pestis in potential reservoir hosts from a plague outbreak focus in Zambia

et al. 2017

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“…Genomic DNA was extracted from blood using the DNAzol kit (Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH) according to manufacturers’ protocols. Genomic DNA samples ( n = 106) from rodents were collected in a previous study [28]. The rodent species were identified by partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene ( cox 1) or cytochrome b gene ( cytb ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in dogs, rodents and cat fleas in Zambia

et al. 2019

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Background Flea-borne spotted fever is a zoonosis caused by Rickettsia felis , a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium. The disease has a worldwide distribution including western and eastern sub-Saharan Africa where it is associated with febrile illness in humans. However, epidemiology and the public health risks it poses remain neglected especially in developing countries including Zambia. While Ctenocephalides felis (cat fleas) has been suggested to be the main vector, other arthropods including mosquitoes have been implicated in transmission and maintenance of the pathogen; however, their role in the epidemiological cycle remains to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and characterize R. felis from animal hosts and blood-sucking arthropod vectors in Zambia. Methods Dog blood and rodent tissue samples as well as cat fleas and mosquitoes were collected from various areas in Zambia. DNA was extracted and screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting genus Rickettsia and amplicons subjected to sequence analysis. Positive samples were further subjected to R. felis -specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Results Rickettsia felis was detected in 4.7% (7/150) of dog blood samples and in 11.3% (12/106) of rodent tissue samples tested by PCR; this species was also detected in 3.7% (2/53) of cat fleas infesting dogs, co-infected with Rickettsia asembonensis . Furthermore, 37.7% (20/53) of cat flea samples tested positive for R. asembonensis , a member of spotted fever group rickettsiae of unknown pathogenicity. All the mosquitoes tested ( n = 190 pools) were negative for Rickettsia spp. Conclusions These observations suggest that R. felis is circulating among domestic dogs and cat fleas as well as rodents in Zambia, posing a potential public health risk to humans. This is because R. felis , a known human pathogen is present in hosts and vectors sharing habitat with humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3435-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…25,26 Detection of such antibodies in 9.6% (3/31) and 6.5% (2/31) of the animals when anti-mouse antibody and anti-rat antibody, respectively, were used as secondary antibodies, suggests that anti-mouse IgG is more cross-reactive to the heterologous antibodies in the rodent and shrew population as it gives a higher percentage of positive results. 24 Further, Mastomys natalensis appears to be the most important reservoir host of plague in the area. 25 Goats were shown to have been exposed to Y. pestis, possibly through the bite of an infective flea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, serological and epidemiological observations after a suspected outbreak of plague in Nyimba, eastern Zambia

et al. 2016

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Plague is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The disease has caused periodic global devastation since the first outbreak in the 6th century. Two months after a suspected plague outbreak in Nyimba district, samples were collected from 94 livestock (goats and pigs), 25 rodents, 6 shrews and 33 fleas. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to investigate the presence of Y. pestis, which showed that 16.0% (4/25) of rodents, 16.7% (1/6) of shrews (Crocidura spp) and 6.0% (5/83) of goats were positive for IgG antibodies against Fraction 1 antigen of Y. pestis. Plasminogen activator (Pla) gene (DNA) of Y. pestis was detected in five pools containing 36.4% (12/33) fleas collected from pigs (n = 4), goats (n = 5) and rodents (n = 3). The detection of Pla gene in fleas and IgG antibodies against Fraction1 antigen in rodents, shrews and goats suggest that Y. pestis had been present in the study area in the recent past.

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Cross-Reactivity of Secondary Antibodies against African Rodents and Application for Sero-Surveillance

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Serological and PCR investigation of Yersinia pestis in potential reservoir hosts from a plague outbreak focus in Zambia

Serological and PCR investigation of Yersinia pestis in potential reservoir hosts from a plague outbreak focus in Zambia

Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in dogs, rodents and cat fleas in Zambia

Molecular, serological and epidemiological observations after a suspected outbreak of plague in Nyimba, eastern Zambia

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