Cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and other spirochetes affects specificity of serotests for detection of antibodies to the Lyme disease agent in dogs

Shin, Seung Uon; Chang, Yung-Fu; Jacobson, Richard H.; Shaw, Eric; Lauderdale, Tsai‐Ling; Appel, M. J. G.; Lein, Donald H.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(93)90137-v

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although FlaB may be a valuable infection marker under experimental conditions, dogs are usually exposed to various other bacteria expressing flagellin. In canine patient sera, cross-reactivities with other flagellins were described previously (17,31). Antibodies to FlaB thus should not be considered specific markers for infection with B. burgdorferi in canine patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, and C6 Antigens as Markers for Early and Late Infection in Dogs

Wagner

Freer

Rollins

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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ABSTRACTLyme disease in the United States is caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu stricto, which is transmitted to mammals by infected ticks.Borreliaspirochetes differentially express immunogenic outer surface proteins (Osp). Our aim was to evaluate antibody responses to Osp antigens to aid the diagnosis of early infection and the management of Lyme disease. We analyzed antibody responses during the first 3 months after the experimental infection of dogs using a novel multiplex assay. Results were compared to those obtained with two commercial assays detecting C6 antigen. Multiplex analysis identified antibodies to OspC and C6 as early as 3 weeks postinfection (p.i.) and those to OspF by 5 weeks p.i. Antibodies to C6 and OspF increased throughout the study, while antibodies to OspC peaked between 7 and 11 weeks p.i. and declined thereafter. A short-term antibody response to OspA was observed in 3/8 experimentally infected dogs on day 21 p.i. Quant C6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results matched multiplex results during the first 7 weeks p.i.; however, antibody levels subsequently declined by up to 29%. Immune responses then were analyzed in sera from 125 client-owned dogs and revealed high agreement between antibodies to OspF and C6 as robust markers for infection. Results from canine patient sera supported that OspC is an early infection marker and antibodies to OspC decline over time. The onset and decline of antibody responses toB. burgdorferiOsp antigens and C6 reflect their differential expression during infection. They provide valuable tools to determine the stage of infection, treatment outcomes, and vaccination status in dogs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, and C6 Antigens as Markers for Early and Late Infection in Dogs

Wagner

Freer

Rollins

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…To determine the percentage of ticks infected with B. burgdorferi, 20 male or female ticks were ground and cultured individually in BSK-2 medium with 8 mg/ml kanamycin and 50 mg/ml rifampicin as previously described. 4,13,15,21,35 The cultures, examined weekly over a 6-week period for B. burgdorferi by dark-field microscopy and IFA testing showed a 55-60% infection rate. Twenty laboratory-reared adult ticks and nymphs, evaluated in the same manner, were negative for B. burgdorferi.…”

Section: Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection of Ponies with Borrelia burgdorferi by Exposure to Ixodid Ticks

et al. 2000

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Abstract. Seven specific-pathogen-free (SPF) ponies, 1-5 years old, were exposed to Borrelia burgdorferiinfected adult ticks while being treated with dexamethasone over 5 consecutive days. One SPF pony (pony No. 178) was first exposed to laboratory-reared nymphs without B. burgdorferi infection and 3 weeks later was exposed to B. burgdorferi-infected adult ticks with concurrent dexamethasone treatment for 5 consecutive days. Four uninfected ponies treated with dexamethasone, exposed to laboratory-reared ticks without B. burgdorferi infection served as uninfected controls. Clinical signs, bacteriologic culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial DNA, immunologic responses, and gross lesions and histopathologic changes were investigated during the experiment or at necropsy 9 months after tick exposure. In all of the seven challenged ponies, infection with B. burgdorferi was detected from monthly skin biopsies and various tissues at postmortem examination by culture and by PCR. However, pony No. 178 exposed to laboratory-reared nymphs (without B. burgdorferi infection) and challenged with B. burgdorferi-infected adult ticks 2 months later did not develop a B. burgdorferi infection. All of the infected ponies seroconverted. Control ponies and pony No. 178 were negative by culture, PCR, and serology. Except for skin lesions, we failed to induce any significant histopathologic changes in this study. This is the first report of successful tick-induced experimental infection in ponies by exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected ticks. This Lyme disease model will be very useful to evaluate efficacy of vaccines against the Lyme agent and the effect of antibiotic therapy on horses infected with B. burgdorferi.

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“…Both patterns are representative of an immune response elicited by tick transmitted infection in dogs [1,10,53]. The immunodominant bands in the region of the bovine serum albumin (84 kDa) and phosphorylase B (112 kDa) molecular weight markers were also present in the immunoblots shown by Chang et al [10] and Shin et al [52]. The significance of these immunogens of higher molecular weight in dogs remains to be defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…False positive results can be obtained when whole cell antigens are used in ELISA to detect canine borreliosis infections. Shin et al [52] emphasized that ELISA tests using whole B. burgdorferi lysates must be treated with caution because of the cross-reactivity between borrelial and leptospiral serovars. However, they could be distinguished using immunoblots, indicating the need to couple ELISA with immunoblot analysis, as performed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of dogs with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto using Ixodes scapularis ticks artificially infected by capillary feeding

Korshus

Munderloh

Bey

et al. 2004

Medical Microbiology and Immunology

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Specific pathogen-free dogs were experimentally infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto using nymphal or adult female Ixodes scapularis ticks artificially infected with spirochetes by capillary feeding. The ticks were capillary fed B. burgdorferi isolate 610, previously isolated from a dog with Lyme disease and grown in BSK medium. This isolate induced clinical signs in the dogs similar to those for dogs infested with ticks naturally infected with B. burgdorferi. Adult ticks were more efficient than nymphs in transmitting spirochetes to the dogs. One of five dogs infested with nymphal ticks capillary fed B. burgdorferi was skin biopsy culture and serologically positive, and demonstrated lameness. In contrast, all five dogs infested with adult female ticks that had been capillary fed with B. burgdorferi were culture and serologically positive, with one dog developing lameness. The immunoblot profiles of dogs challenged with female ticks infected by capillary feeding (8 weeks post challenge) were similar to immunoblots (4 weeks post challenge) from dogs challenged with naturally infected females collected in the field. These studies demonstrated that B. burgdorferi cultured in BSK medium can be capillary fed to either nymphal or adult female ticks under laboratory controlled conditions for the purpose of transmitting the spirochete to dogs during the tick's blood meal. This tick infection system would be useful for a controlled and defined challenge of vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs for proper evaluation of vaccine efficacy, which is difficult to achieve using field-collected ticks. Furthermore, this system may also be useful for investigation of the pathogenesis of Lyme disease, evaluation of the pathogenicity of new isolates of B. burgdorferi, or evaluation of antibiotic therapy.

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Cross-reactivity between B. burgdorferi and other spirochetes affects specificity of serotests for detection of antibodies to the Lyme disease agent in dogs

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, and C6 Antigens as Markers for Early and Late Infection in Dogs

Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, OspC, OspF, and C6 Antigens as Markers for Early and Late Infection in Dogs

Experimental Infection of Ponies with Borrelia burgdorferi by Exposure to Ixodid Ticks

Experimental infection of dogs with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto using Ixodes scapularis ticks artificially infected by capillary feeding

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