Cross‐Reactive Sensor Arrays for the Detection of Peptides in Aqueous Solution by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Abstract

A simple but powerful method for the sensing of peptides in aqueous solution has been developed. The transition‐metal complexes [PdCl2(en)], [{RhCl2Cp*}2], and [{RuCl2(p‐cymene)}2] were combined with six different fluorescent dyes to build a cross‐reactive sensor array. The fluorescence response of the individual sensor units was based on competitive complexation reactions between the peptide analytes and the fluorescent dyes. The collective response of the sensor array in a time‐resolved fashion was used as an input for multivariate analyses. A sensor array comprised of only six metal–dye combinations was able to differentiate ten different dipeptides in buffered aqueous solution at a concentration of 50 μM. Furthermore, the cross‐reactive sensor could be used to obtain information about the identity and the quantity of the pharmacologically interesting dipeptides carnosine and homocarnosine in a complex biological matrix, such as deproteinized human blood serum. The sensor array was also able to sense longer peptides, which was demonstrated by differentiating mixtures of the nonapeptide bradykinin and the decapeptide kallidin.

Fluorescence Sensing of Amine Vapors Using a Cationic Conjugated Polymer Combined with Various Anions

“…This approach has been shown to provide additional useful information for the discrimination of analytes. [8,25] When quenching intensities measured at T 1 (15 s exposure), T 2 (30 s exposure) and T 3 (30 s after exposure is stopped) are all used the discriminating power of our mini-array improved to correctly classifying 92 % of the analytes (Figure 3). The limited degree of cross-selectivity is attributed to the use of four closely related sensory materials.…”

An electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer for selective carnosine sensing with impedimetric capacity

“…Moreover, a cross-reactive chemosensor array was developed by combining transition-metal complexes with six different fluorescent dyes for selective determination of carnosine and hemocarnosine. 39 However, this chemosensor array required a specialized hardware to operate and time-consuming sample pretreatment.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Polymers as Sensing Elements for the Creation of Cross‐Reactive Sensor Arrays

“…described a combinational strategy for creating synthetic receptors in arrays,3 and Severin et al. highlighted the remarkable power of differential sensing of arrays by combining simple transition metals with dyes 4. Nevertheless, some factors remain that limit the further application of the sensor array format.…”