Cross‐reactive <i>Legionella</i> antigens and the antibody response during infection

Bangsborg, Jette; Shand, Geoffrey H.; Pearlman, Eric; Høiby, Niels

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1991.tb01271.x

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…2A to C. Only one serum with an IgG level near the borderline range (42 U/ml) reacted with the serogroup 1 LPS, and a negative serum (26 U/ml) reacted with the serogroup 4 LPS. The blotting reagents did not contain Tween 20, because this detergent may abolish antibody binding to LPS (2), as has been demonstrated previously for meningococcal LPS (44). In our hands, no IgG binding to the serogroup 1 LPS was observed on blots with Tween 20 concentrations greater than 0.1%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Seroepidemiological Study after a Long-Distance Industrial Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease

Wedege

Bergdal

Bolstad

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Following a long-distance outbreak of Legionnaires' disease from an industrial air scrubber in Norway in 2005, a seroepidemiological study measuring levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Legionella pneumophila was performed with a polyvalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One year after the outbreak, IgG levels in employees (n = 213) at the industrial plant harboring the scrubber and in blood donors (n = 398) from the outbreak county were low but significantly higher (P < or = 0.002) than those in blood donors (n = 406) from a nonexposed county. No differences in IgM levels among the three groups were found after adjustment for gender and age. Home addresses of the seroresponders in the exposed county clustered to the city of the outbreak, in contrast to the scattering of addresses of the seroresponding donors in the nonexposed county. Factory employees who operated at an open biological treatment plant had significantly higher IgG and IgM levels (P < or = 0.034) than those working >200 m away. Most of the healthy seroresponders among the factory employees worked near this exposure source. Immunoblotting showed that IgG and IgM antibodies in 82.1% of all seroresponders were directed to the lipopolysaccharide of the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 outbreak strain. In conclusion, 1 year after the long-distance industrial outbreak a small increase in IgG levels of the exposed population was observed. The open biological treatment plant within the industrial premises, however, constituted a short-distance exposure source of L. pneumophila for factory employees working nearby.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Seroepidemiological Study after a Long-Distance Industrial Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease

Wedege

Bergdal

Bolstad

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Indeed, the infectivity defects of mip mutants show that Mip is needed for optimal establishment and replication of L. pneumophila in macrophage cell lines, alveolar macrophages, blood monocytes, lung epithelial cells, amoebae, ciliates, and guinea pigs (18)(19)(20)(21)90). Other studies have shown that mip is transcribed and Mip is expressed in infected host cells (40,48,81,87), and anti-Mip antibodies are present in sera from Legionnaires' disease patients (10). The mip gene is present and expressed in other species of Legionella (9,17,41,63,66), and mip mutants of L. micdadei and L. longbeachae are also defective for intracellular infection (25,58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella pneumophila Mip, a Surface-Exposed Peptidylproline cis-trans -Isomerase, Promotes the Presence of Phospholipase C-Like Activity in Culture Supernatants

et al. 2006

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The type II secretion system of Legionella pneumophila promotes pathogenesis. Among the Legionella type II-dependent exoenzymes is a p-nitrophenol phosphorylcholine (p-NPPC) hydrolase whose activity is only partially explained by the PlcA phospholipase C. In a screen to identify other factors that promote secreted hydrolase activity, we isolated a mip mutant. L. pneumophila Mip is a surface-exposed, FK506-binding protein that is needed for optimal infection and has peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity. Since the molecular target of Mip was undefined, we investigated a possible relationship between Mip and the secreted p-NPPC hydrolase activity. In the mip mutant there was a 40 to 70% reduction in secreted activity that was successfully complemented by providing mip on a plasmid. A similar phenotype was observed when we examined four other independently derived mip mutants, and in all cases the defect was complemented by reintroduction of mip. Thus, mip promotes the presence of a p-NPPC hydrolase activity in culture supernatants. We also found that the C terminus of Mip is required for this effect. When supernatants were examined by anion-exchange chromatography, the p-NPPC hydrolase activity associated with Mip proved to be type II dependent but distinct from PlcA. This conclusion was supported by the phenotype of a newly constructed mip plcA double mutant. Thus, Mip promotes the elaboration of a new type II exoprotein. These data provide both the first evidence for a target for Mip and the first indication that a surface PPIase is involved in the secretion or activation of proteins beyond the outer membrane.

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“…Various studies have demonstrated the presence of L. pneumophila serogroup-specific antigens, L. pneumophila-specific antigens, and Legionellaceae-specific antigens (14,52,53). Several investigators have attempted to identify specific antigens that could be used to improve the specificity of antibody determinations.…”

Section: Serologic Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionella and Legionnaires' Disease: 25 Years of Investigation

2002

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There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a fascinating ecology. These bacteria are intracellular pathogens of freshwater protozoa and utilize a similar mechanism to infect human phagocytic cells. There have been major advances in delineating the pathogenesis of legionellae through the identification of genes which allow the organism to bypass the endocytic pathways of both protozoan and human cells. Other bacteria that may share this novel infectious process are Coxiella burnetti and Brucella spp. More than 40 species and numerous serogroups of legionellae have been identified. Most diagnostic tests are directed at the species that causes most of the reported human cases of legionellosis, L. pneumophila serogroup 1. For this reason, information on the incidence of human respiratory disease attributable to other species and serogroups of legionellae is lacking. Improvements in diagnostic tests such as the urine antigen assay have inadvertently caused a decrease in the use of culture to detect infection, resulting in incomplete surveillance for legionellosis. Large, focal outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur worldwide, and there is a critical need for surveillance for travel-related legionellosis in the United States. There is optimism that newly developed guidelines and water treatment practices can greatly reduce the incidence of this preventable illness

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Cross‐reactive Legionella antigens and the antibody response during infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Seroepidemiological Study after a Long-Distance Industrial Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease

Seroepidemiological Study after a Long-Distance Industrial Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease

Legionella pneumophila Mip, a Surface-Exposed Peptidylproline cis-trans -Isomerase, Promotes the Presence of Phospholipase C-Like Activity in Culture Supernatants

Legionella and Legionnaires' Disease: 25 Years of Investigation

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