Cross-Racial Interactions during College: A Longitudinal Study of Four Forms of Interracial Interactions among Elite White College Students

Byrd, W. Carson

doi:10.3390/soc4020265

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Black students are also disproportionately more likely to leave their degree programme prior to completion (Higher Education Statistics Agency [HESA], 2018). These patterns of racial inequality are common across Western higher education systems including the US, Australia, Belgium, and France (e.g., Byrd, 2014; Colak, Van Praag, & Nicaies, 2020; Ichou & van Zanten, 2019; Pitman, Roberts, Bennett, & Richardson, 2019). Recently, student campaigns, media commentary, and academic voices have insisted that our attention shifts from encouraging underrepresented groups through the door, to addressing the Whiteness of our institutions that signals non‐belonging and may compromise Black students' ability to thrive (National Union of Students, 2011; Richardson, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“You never feel so Black as when you're contrasted against a White background”: Black students' experiences at a predominantly White institution in the UK

Osbourne

Barnett

Blackwood

2021

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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“Old” universities in the UK are typically populated with White middle‐class students who hail from White majority hometowns, whilst “new” universities have more diverse cohorts from diverse hometowns. Our research conducted with 17 Black students at a predominantly White university, examined the initial encounters in which Black students first realise their minority status on campus. We found that White numerical dominance combined with White students' racialised place‐based assumptions about who belongs where, had an immediate and powerful impact on our participants. Importantly, our findings suggest that for Black students coming from diverse hometowns, experiences such as being the only Black person in lecture halls, being told that you are the first Black person your peers have met, and being expected to use urban street slang and sell drugs constituted both a denial of their student identity and a misrecognition of their Black identity. Our analysis highlights the importance of considering the diversity within institutions alongside Black and White students' place‐based histories with diversity; and how these are consequential for Black students' experiences of (mis)recognition and (non)belonging on campuses. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“You never feel so Black as when you're contrasted against a White background”: Black students' experiences at a predominantly White institution in the UK

Osbourne

Barnett

Blackwood

2021

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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“…White experiences in White-minority religious organizations reveal similar assumptions about disproportionate influence, normative moral goodness, and extreme defensiveness when challenged or made aware of racial realities (Christerson et al 2005;Edwards 2008). These patterns may explain why studies show interracial relationships often do not produce white antiracist frames among White Americans (Byrd 2014;Cobb et al 2015;Edwards 2008;Perry 2017;Twine 2010). In the situation of White parents of Black adopted children, the perception of racial scrutiny provides yet another complicating factor-that of White parents being made aware that their Black children are under surveillance, and by extension, they are also being scrutinized.…”

Section: White Normativity Perceptions Of Victimization and White Exp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How White Americans Experience Racial Gaze: Public Interactions and White Parents of Black Adopted Children

Perry

2023

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Within America’s racialized social system, White people can generally navigate life as “unmarked,” oblivious to race. But for White parents of Black adopted children, everyday public interactions provide occasion to directly and vicariously experience a form of “racial gaze,” specifically via scrutiny directed toward them as parents and the bodies of their Black children. Drawing on 46 in-depth interviews with White adoptive parents of Black children, and incorporating insights from whiteness theory and research, I analyze how White parents perceive and respond to racial scrutiny. Parents describe how their ability to raise Black children feels challenged through unsolicited advice about haircare, negative comments, and perceived disapproving looks from Black strangers. These interactions provoke parents’ insecurity and anxiety such that they become more aware of their own whiteness and thus less “colorblind” than they might have been otherwise, while also resenting Black strangers for implicitly challenging their parenting abilities or the appropriateness of their parenting Black children. Findings provide novel insight into ways White Americans respond to the subjective experience of racial gaze. Given expectations of universal white innocence, competence, and colorblindness, they react with increased anxiety, hyper-vigilance, and greater guardedness around Black Americans in public to the point of resentment.

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“…Consequently, perceived prejudice has been acknowledged as a key factor affecting individuals' emotions, feelings, and attitudes toward outgroup members. Moreover, the outcome of numerous studies addressing the prejudice-behavior link in a variety of situations points to prejudice that can strongly influence individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and actual behavior (Byrd, 2014;Crisp & Turner, 2009;Dovidio et al, 2002;Fujimoto & Hartel, 2004;Knowles, Lowery, & Shaumberg, 2010). For example, a study by Greenwald, Smith, Sriram, Bar-Anan, and Nosek (2009) found prejudice predicts voting behavior, including for the 2008 elections, the first time in which an African American (Barack Obama) was elected president of the United States.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the moderating role of intercultural factors on consumer cross-shopping behavior

Hino

2020

IJRBS

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The concept of prejudice has become increasingly important to scientific thinking about relations between groups. Yet, despite extensive research, little is known about how prejudice affects consumer buying behavior, especially regarding activities that involve purchasing products and services thereby crossing to suppliers from the dominant community. The purpose of this study is twofold: to examine the influence of both positive and negative prejudices on cross-shopping intention in the context of an ethnic minority-majority group relationship; and, to investigate the moderating influence of intercultural-related factors (i.e. online contact, social interaction, and acculturation) on the relationship between negative prejudice and cross-shopping intention. A sample consisting of 202 respondents was obtained from across ethnic-minority consumers (the Israeli Arabs) who routinely interact online and offline with individuals from the majority population (Israeli Jews). The conceptual framework and hypothesis are tested using the partial least squares analyses (PLS). The study results provide a better understanding of the conflicting effects of positive and negative prejudice on cross-shopping intention. Additionally, results shed light on the moderating role of intercultural factors on the relationship between negative prejudice and cross-shopping intention. Implications are identified together with consideration of the study limitations and avenues for future research.

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Cross-Racial Interactions during College: A Longitudinal Study of Four Forms of Interracial Interactions among Elite White College Students

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

“You never feel so Black as when you're contrasted against a White background”: Black students' experiences at a predominantly White institution in the UK

“You never feel so Black as when you're contrasted against a White background”: Black students' experiences at a predominantly White institution in the UK

How White Americans Experience Racial Gaze: Public Interactions and White Parents of Black Adopted Children

Investigating the moderating role of intercultural factors on consumer cross-shopping behavior

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