Cross‐protective immunity and the serological classification system for <i>Bacteroides nodosus</i>

Dj, Stewart; Ja, Vaughan; Tc, Elleman; Pa, Hoyne; Kj, Burns; Jh, Dufty

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb03128.x

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Even though protection is said to be serogroup-specific, [25][26][27] there is evidence that some strains within serogroups are not protected. 28,29 Conclusions Against a predominantly interdigital multistrain footrot outbreak, regular zinc sulfate footbathing and treatment using a single 60-min footbath were similar or superior to previous reports of treatments used against virulent footrot. In contrast, the effectiveness of vaccination, with either a whole-cell or recombinant vaccine, was lower than previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Comparison of footbathing and vaccination to control ovine footrot in an experimentally infected flock

Allworth

Egerton

2018

Aust Veterinary J

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Objective Compare footbathing and vaccination for control of footrot during a transmission period in a sheep flock deliberately infected with multiple strains of Dichelobacter nodosus. Methods The strains included a known virulent strain, a benign strain and several intermediate strains. The resulting footrot was clinically intermediate. A total of 1450 Polwarth sheep aged 1–3 years were allocated to one of five treatment groups: untreated, weekly walkthrough zinc sulfate footbathing, 1‐hour stand‐in Footrite® footbathing every 3 weeks, vaccination with a commercial multivalent whole‐cell vaccine and vaccination with a novel recombinant DNA fimbrial vaccine. There were four replicates, in four paddocks. Results Of the untreated animals, 76% had footrot. Footbathing, either weekly or every 3 weeks, restricted the prevalence to 6/283 (2%; 97% effective) and 18/275 (6.5%; 91% effective), respectively. This was significantly lower than the prevalence in either the untreated or vaccinated group (P < 0.001). Weekly footbathing resulted in significantly fewer affected sheep than footbathing for 1 h every 3 weeks (P < 0.05). Vaccination with either whole‐cell or recombinant vaccines significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the prevalence ((142/280 (51%; 33% effective), 114/278 (41%; 46% effective) respectively), with the recombinant vaccine superior (P < 0.05) to whole‐cell vaccination. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer 1‐year‐old sheep had footrot than older sheep. A single Footrite treatment reduced the prevalence to 12% (53/445) compared with a prevalence of 57% (27/47) for untreated sheep (79% effective). Conclusion In this study footbathing was more effective than vaccination at controlling and treating multistrain footrot.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, the relatively poor performance of the vaccine may have been related to the presence of strains in this trial against which the vaccines afforded poor protection. Even though protection is said to be serogroup‐specific, there is evidence that some strains within serogroups are not protected …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of footbathing and vaccination to control ovine footrot in an experimentally infected flock

Allworth

Egerton

2018

Aust Veterinary J

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“…Fimbriae are highly immunogenic, and vaccines incorporating fimbrial proteins are protective (11,12), but immunity is serogroup specific, with little or no cross-protection between serogroups (13). Up to 7 serogroups may be present in a flock of sheep (7,11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Serogrouping of Dichelobacter nodosus Infection by Use of Direct PCR from Lesion Swabs To Support Outbreak-Specific Vaccination for Virulent Footrot in Sheep

2018

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Virulent footrot is an economically significant disease in most sheep-rearing countries. The disease can be controlled with vaccine targeting the fimbriae of virulent strains of the essential causative agent, However, the bacterium is immunologically heterogeneous, and 10 distinct fimbrial serogroups have been identified. Ideally, in each outbreak the infecting strains would be cultured and serogrouped so that the appropriate serogroup-specific mono- or bivalent vaccine could be administered, because multivalent vaccines lack efficacy due to antigenic competition. If clinical disease expression is suspected to be incomplete, culture-based virulence tests are required to confirm the diagnosis, because control of benign footrot is economically unjustifiable. Both diagnosis and vaccination are conducted at the flock level. The aims of this study were to develop a PCR-based procedure for detecting and serogrouping directly from foot swabs and to determine whether this could be done accurately from the same cultured swab. A total of 269 swabs from the active margins of foot lesions of 261 sheep in 12 Merino sheep flocks in southeastern Australia were evaluated. DNA extracts taken from putative pure cultures of and directly from the swabs were evaluated in PCR assays for the 16S rRNA and genes of Pure cultures were tested also by the slide agglutination test. Direct PCR using extracts from swabs was more sensitive than culture for detecting and serogrouping strains. Using the most sensitive sample collection method of the use of swabs in lysis buffer, was more likely to be detected by PCR in active than in inactive lesions, and in lesions with low levels of fecal contamination, but lesion score was not a significant factor. PCR conducted on extracts from swabs in modified Stuart's transport medium that had already been used to inoculate culture plates had lower sensitivity. Therefore, if culture is required to enable virulence tests to be conducted, it is recommended that duplicate swabs be collected from each foot lesion, one in transport medium for culture and the other in lysis buffer for PCR.

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“…The use of multivalent footrot vaccines is also unique, because serological responses are measured against nine similar, but antigenically distinct immunogens. Despite the 34–78% homology in amino‐acid sequence of fimbrial subunit proteins, the nine serogroups, represented in the vaccine, each elicit a serogroup‐specific antibody response, which offers almost no‐cross‐protection between serogroups (C laxton et al 1983; S tewart et al 1991b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease resistance in Merino sheep. V. Genetic heterogeneity in response to vaccination with Dichelobacter nodosus and clostridial antigens

Raadsma

Attard

Nicholas

et al. 1996

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Summary Genetic aspects of antibody responses in two commercial, multivalent vaccines were examined in 2 974 Merino sheep, representing the progeny from 129 sires in four major bloodlines. All lambs were vaccinated twice, between 2 and 4 months of age, with a clostridial vaccine containing antigens against five clostridial species. Approximately half (1 239) the progeny from all sires were also vaccinated at 16 months of age, with a Dichelobacter nodosus vaccine containing whole‐cell antigens from all nine major serogroups (A–I). ELISA antibody titres to Clostridium tetani and Clostridium chauvoei were measured 2 weeks after booster vaccination. K‐agglutinating antibody titres, against all serogroups of D. nodosus, were measured on three occasions–following primary vaccination (V1), 3 and 8 weeks following booster vaccination (V2). Mean antibody titre on all three occasions (MEAN POST‐VAC), and changes in antibody titre between V1 and V2, and after V2, were analysed as additional antibody traits for D. nodosus. For both clostridial and D. nodosus antibody traits, year of birth and flock were major fixed effects. Sex of the lamb was not important in the case of clostridial antibody titres, but ewe hoggets had consistently higher D. nodosus antibody titres compared to those for ram hoggets from the same cohort. Based on restricted maximum likelihood (reml) analyses, heritability estimates for C. tetani and C. chauvoei were 0.12 (± 0.04) and 0.24 (± 0.07). Preliminary estimates for maternal effects showed additive maternal genetic variance for C. tetani and C. chauvoei (0.09 ± 0.05 and 0.17 ± 0.07). Maternal environmental effects appeared negligible. Heritability estimates of D. nodosus antibody titre for all nine serogroups ranged from 0.22 to 0.66 following V1, and were approximately 40% higher than those following V2 (range 0.17–0.44), which in turn were approximately 50% higher than estimates for persistence of titre (range 0.08–0.32). Genetic correlations for antibody titre at consecutive samplings were high, and the heritability estimates for MEAN POST‐VAC titre for each serogroup of D. nodosus were: A (0.51), B (0.58), C (0.41), D (0.24), E (0.34), F (0.33), G (0.26), H (0.34), and I (0.35). Genetic correlations for antibody titres among the nine D. nodosus serogroups ranged from moderately negative (–0.40) to strongly positive (0.87). Similarly, genetic correlations between clostridial and D. nodosus antibody titres ranged from –0.08 to 4–0.41. C. tetani antibody titre showed a genetic correlation of +0.50 with C. chauvoei titre. It was concluded that significant additive genetic variation exists in Merino sheep for vaccine response to commercial vaccines. However, there was no strong evidence for common genetic control of immune response to different antigens. Zusammenfassung Krankheitsresistenz bei Merinoshafen. V. Genetische Heterogenität der Reaktion auf Vakzine mit Dichelobacter nodosus und Klostidienantigene Genetische Aspekte de Antikörperreaktion auf zwei komerzielle multivalente Vakzinen wurden an 2...

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Cross‐protective immunity and the serological classification system for Bacteroides nodosus

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of footbathing and vaccination to control ovine footrot in an experimentally infected flock

Comparison of footbathing and vaccination to control ovine footrot in an experimentally infected flock

Detection and Serogrouping of Dichelobacter nodosus Infection by Use of Direct PCR from Lesion Swabs To Support Outbreak-Specific Vaccination for Virulent Footrot in Sheep

Disease resistance in Merino sheep. V. Genetic heterogeneity in response to vaccination with Dichelobacter nodosus and clostridial antigens

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