Cross-Protection of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Different Genotypes

Tanaka, Yasuhito

doi:10.3390/vaccines8030456

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“… 9 This is because hepatitis B vaccine is highly immunogenic, with 90–100% protection conferred following a completed hepatitis B vaccination schedule among infants, children, and adults. 10 , 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 This is because hepatitis B vaccine is highly immunogenic, with 90-100% protection conferred following a completed hepatitis B vaccination schedule among infants, children, and adults. 10,11 Unfortunately, the HBV immunization coverage rate among pregnant women has not previously been determined in a Nigerian population. In addition, there is no policy or enactment of any policy in Nigeria that makes uptake of HBV vaccination unavoidable to all women prior to pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnant women’s hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study

Eleje

Akaba

Mbachu

et al. 2021

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy

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Objective: To determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage, full-dose (⩾3) coverage and the associated factors affecting uptake among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in six tertiary hospitals across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Pregnant women who consented to the study completed screening questions about their hepatitis B vaccination status and coverage. The main outcome measures were hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate, dose, and factors affecting uptake. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with uptake of the vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and statistical significance was accepted when p-value was < 0.05. Results: Of 159 pregnant women who completed the interview questions, 21 [13.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9–18.5%] were vaccinated for hepatitis B for one to three doses. The numbers of doses received were: three doses (8/159, 5.0%), two doses (5/159, 3.1%), and one dose (8/159, 5.0%). The reasons for non-uptake of vaccination included: lack of awareness of the vaccine 83/138 (60.1%), inadequate access to vaccine 11/138 (8.0%), and positivity to hepatitis B virus 10/138 (7.2%). The uptake of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly affected by the level of education (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.08–1.01, p = 0.041), but in multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between hepatitis B vaccination and participants’ level of education (aOR 3.09; 95% CI 0.95–10.16; p = 0.061) did not remain significant. Conclusions: In Nigeria, the national hepatitis B vaccination coverage among pregnant women appears poor, with the full-dose coverage even poorer. The level of education was not positively associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccination, while lack of awareness of the vaccine was the commonest reason for non-uptake. Funding: TETFund National Research Fund 2019 (grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/NRF/STI/33).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnant women’s hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study

Eleje

Akaba

Mbachu

et al. 2021

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy

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“…This observation was confirmed as sequences coding for the major antigenic segments of HBsAg from our samples were predicted to locate within or overlap with genetically diverse regions and as the segments were similar to those predicted by Rezaee et al (2016) [ 26 ], We observed that the area of greatest diversity within the surface gene, in both Australian and non-Australian donor HBV isolates, appeared to incorporate the ‘a’ determinant of HBsAg. The ‘a’ determinant in the MHR is an important region of HBsAg, as mutations within this region have been reported to affect HBV surface antigenicity [ 49 ], cross-genotype vaccine protection [ 50 ] and efficacy of serological HBsAg detection assays [ 25 , 51 ]. We found that, generally, surface gene nucleotide diversity was lower in our Australian donor HBV sequences when compared to those from non-Australian donors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors

Phan

Faddy

Flower

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Variants in the small surface gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which codes for viral surface antigen (HBsAg), can affect the efficacy of HBsAg screening assays and can be associated with occult HBV infection (OBI). This study aimed to characterise the molecular diversity of the HBV small surface gene from HBV-reactive Australian blood donors. HBV isolates from 16 HBsAg-positive Australian blood donors’ plasma were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenies of viral coding genes and/or whole genomes. An analysis of the genetic diversity of eight HBV small surface genes from our 16 samples was conducted and compared with HBV sequences from NCBI of 164 international (non-Australian) blood donors. Genotypes A–D were identified in our samples. The region of HBV small surface gene that contained the sequence encoding the ‘a’ determinant had a greater genetic diversity than the remaining part of the gene. No escape mutants or OBI-related variants were observed in our samples. Variant call analysis revealed two samples with a nucleotide deletion leading to truncation of polymerase and/or large/middle surface amino acid sequences. Overall, we found that HBV small surface gene sequences from Australian donors demonstrated a lower level of genetic diversity than those from non-Australian donor population included in the study.

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“…Case reports of vaccinated people subsequently infected, mainly with the most divergent genotypes, have been described[ 80 - 82 ]. Although there is a paucity of data regarding cross-genotype preventive effect, greater protection against homologous genotype/sub-type than against heterologous strains of HBV have been reported[ 83 ]. However, empirical data from regions where the most divergent genotypes are prevalent suggests that cross protection is sufficient to prevent infection.…”

Section: Hepatitis B Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives

Pisano¹,

Giadans²,

Flichman³

et al. 2021

WJG

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Viral hepatitis, secondary to infection with hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, are a major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite the huge medical advances achieved in recent years, there are still points of conflict concerning the pathogenesis, immune response, development of new and more effective vaccines, therapies, and treatment. This review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved, those that remain to be solved, and future research directions. For hepatitis A virus we will address epidemiology, molecular surveillance, new susceptible populations as well as environmental and food detections. In the case of hepatitis B virus, we will discuss host factors related to disease, diagnosis, therapy, and vaccine improvement. On hepatitis C virus, we will focus on pathogenesis, immune response, direct action antivirals treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation, issues related to hepatocellular carcinoma development, direct action antivirals resistance due to selection of resistance-associated variants, and vaccination. Regarding hepatitis D virus, we describe diagnostic methodology, pathogenesis, and therapy. Finally, for hepatitis E virus, we will address epidemiology (including new emerging species), diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment, the development of a vaccine, and environmental surveillance.

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Cross-Protection of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Different Genotypes

Cited by 35 publications

References 154 publications

Pregnant women’s hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study

Pregnant women’s hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study

Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors

Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives

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