Cross-Protection Induced by a A/MAY/97 Emergency Vaccine Against Intra-Serotype Heterologous Challenge with a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from the A/ASIA/G-VII Lineage

Dekker, A.; Sanz-Bernardo, Beatriz; Singanallur, Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian; Ludi, Anna B.; Horsington, Jacquelyn; Eblé, P.L.; King, Donald P.; Vosloo, Wilna

doi:10.3390/vaccines8010024

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to previous studies evaluating vaccines against heterologous challenge with FMD A/ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses in cattle [17,18], most commercial FMD vaccines used in the Middle East were not matched with A/ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses according to a vaccine matching test. Although the A/MAY/97 strain showed better potency than the A/Iraq vaccines in vaccination challenge tests, the serological relatedness between A/MAY/97 and the field strains A/ASIA/G-VII and A/IRN/22/2015 ranged from 0.15 to 0.7 depending on the test sera [18]. According to the PD 50 results of the same study, the cross-protection ratio between A/MAY/97 and the field strain A/ASIA/G-VII was 0.05 or 0.04, indicating poor matching with A/IRN/22/2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Swine Protection with Three Commercial Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines against Heterologous Challenge with Type A ASIA/G-VII Lineage Viruses

Kim,

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Outbreaks caused by foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) A/ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses have often occurred in Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries since 2015. Because A/ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses are reported to have distinct antigenic relatedness with available commercial FMD vaccine strains, it is necessary to investigate whether inoculation with vaccines used in Korea could confer cross-protection against A/ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses. In the present study, we conducted two vaccination challenge trials to evaluate the efficacy of three commercial FMD vaccines (O/Manisa + O/3039 + A/Iraq, O/Campos + A/Cruzeiro + A/2001, and O/Primorsky + A/Zabaikalsky) against heterologous challenge with ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses (A/TUR/13/2017 or A/BHU/3/2017 strains) in pigs. In each trial, clinical signs, viremia, and salivary shedding of virus were measured for 7 days after challenge. In summary, the O/Campos + A/Cruzeiro + A/2001 vaccine provided full protection against two A/ASIA/G-VII lineage viruses in vaccinated pigs, where significant protection was observed. Although unprotected animals were observed in groups vaccinated with O/Manisa + O/3039 + A/Iraq or O/Primorsky + A/Zabaikalsky vaccines, the clinical scores and viral RNA levels in the sera and oral swabs of vaccinated animals were significantly lower than those of unvaccinated controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Swine Protection with Three Commercial Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines against Heterologous Challenge with Type A ASIA/G-VII Lineage Viruses

Kim,

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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“…FMD cross-protection studies in livestock are infrequent. Brehm et al ( 4 ) studied cross-protection for 8 different vaccine-challenge combinations, but most reports of such studies in cattle have been of small numbers or singleton experiments ( 6 – 8 , 10 , 18 , 19 ). In contrast, homologous protection studies are performed as part of vaccine licencing and, over the last 40 years, many day-of-challenge sera from these have been analysed by VNT or ELISA and the results compared to protection outcomes ( 5 , 17 , 20 – 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting cross-protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus strains by serology after vaccination

et al. 2022

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Serology is widely used to predict whether vaccinated individuals and populations will be protected against infectious diseases, including foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which affects cloven-hoofed animals. Neutralising antibody titres to FMD challenge viruses correlate to protection against FMD, for vaccinated cattle that are infected with the same strain as in the vaccine (homologous protection). Similar relationships exist for cross-strain protection between different vaccine and challenge viruses, although much less data are available for these heterologous studies. Poor inter-laboratory reproducibility of the virus neutralisation test (VNT) also hampers comparisons between studies. Therefore, day-of-challenge sera (n = 180) were assembled from 13 previous FMD cross-protection experiments for serotypes O (n = 2), A (n = 10), and SAT 2 (n = 1). These were tested by VNT against the challenge viruses at the FMD FAO World Reference Laboratory (WRLFMD) and the titres were compared to challenge outcomes (protected or not). This dataset was combined with equivalent serology and protection data for 61 sera from four cross-protection experiments carried out at WRLFMD for serotypes O (n = 2), A (n = 1), and Asia 1 (n = 1). VNT results and protection outcomes were also analysed for a serotype O cross-protection experiment involving 39 cattle, where the sera were not available for retesting at WRLFMD. Three categories of association between heterologous neutralising antibody titre and heterologous protection were found (Group 1–3). The log10 reciprocal titres associated on average with 75% protection (with 95% credible limits) were: Group 1: 2.46 (2.11–2.97); Group 2: 1.67 (1.49–1.92); Group 3: 1.17 (1.06–1.30). Further cross-protection data are needed to understand the factors that underpin this variability and to develop more robust antibody thresholds. Establishing cut-off serological titres that can be used to score the adequacy of vaccine-induced immunity will facilitate the monitoring and thereby the performance of FMD vaccination in the field.

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“…In this regard, the local bivalent vaccine developed in this study corresponds to a high-potency vaccine with 10 PD 50 or more. It is also known that emergency vaccines formulated with high antigen content from vaccine bank antigens often perform better than the results predicted from the in vitro vaccine matching test, and emergency vaccines with vaccine strains that have relatively low r 1 values against a field strain can provide sufficient heterologous protection [28]. In particular, for A/Yeoncheon/SKR/2017, thirteen pigs in the three groups exhibited positive VN titers (above 1.65 log 10 ) at 21 dpv and the clinical score was not observed even at the injection site in all vaccinated groups, indicating that the vaccine could provide sterile protection against the homologous virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-Up Production of Type O and A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Bivalent Vaccine and Its Protective Efficacy in Pigs

Park

Lee²,

Kim

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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South Korea has experienced FMD outbreaks almost every year since 2014. Therefore, a novel local vaccine that can cover various topotypes of viruses is required. Two virus strains, O/Boeun/SKR/2017 and A/Yeoncheon/SKR/2017, were cultured up to the pilot scale based on the optimized conditions set up on the flask scale. FMDV particles (146S) of 2 µg/mL or more were obtained from the virus culture supernatant using a 100 L bioreactor. The viruses were fully inactivated using binary ethylenimine within 16 h through two inactivation cycles and mixed with an adjuvant into a bivalent vaccine (types O and A) consisting of 15 µg viruses per strain. The experimental bivalent vaccine showed a broad spectrum of high neutralizing antibody titers against heterologous viruses, including type O Cathay strain and type A Asia topotypes, except for GVII. The 50% protective dose was determined as 12.5 for O/Boeun/SKR/2017 and 15.6 for A/Yeoncheon/SKR/2017. Collectively, we expect that the bivalent vaccine could protect against FMDV types O and A circulating in South Korea and neighboring countries. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the vaccine strains could be successfully scaled-up to a 100 L bioreactor, with the determination of its protective efficacy in pigs.

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Cross-Protection Induced by a A/MAY/97 Emergency Vaccine Against Intra-Serotype Heterologous Challenge with a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from the A/ASIA/G-VII Lineage

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Evaluation of Swine Protection with Three Commercial Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines against Heterologous Challenge with Type A ASIA/G-VII Lineage Viruses

Evaluation of Swine Protection with Three Commercial Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines against Heterologous Challenge with Type A ASIA/G-VII Lineage Viruses

Predicting cross-protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus strains by serology after vaccination

Scale-Up Production of Type O and A Foot-and-Mouth Disease Bivalent Vaccine and Its Protective Efficacy in Pigs

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