1996
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1996.03540040037030
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Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder

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Cited by 1,654 publications
(731 citation statements)
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References 29 publications
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“…The correlation between self-silencing and depression and anxiety could account for a portion of the discrepancy in rates of depression and anxiety between men and women, with the rate of women being twice that of men across the lifetime (Kessler et al, 1994(Kessler et al, , 1995Weissman et al, 1994Weissman et al, , 1996Gater et al, 1998). Self-silencing has been constructed around social and cultural mandates which encourage women to put others first, and silence themselves when necessary to maintain harmony (Jack, 1991).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The correlation between self-silencing and depression and anxiety could account for a portion of the discrepancy in rates of depression and anxiety between men and women, with the rate of women being twice that of men across the lifetime (Kessler et al, 1994(Kessler et al, , 1995Weissman et al, 1994Weissman et al, , 1996Gater et al, 1998). Self-silencing has been constructed around social and cultural mandates which encourage women to put others first, and silence themselves when necessary to maintain harmony (Jack, 1991).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4 Variations in the prevalence of depressive disorders among countries have been recognized at least since a cross-national study of major depression and bipolar disorder was conducted across 10 countries during the 1980s. 5 The prevalence of having any World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Instrument 6 or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th edition 7 (WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV) in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3 % in Shanghai to 26.4 % in the United States. 8 Similarly, lifetime prevalence estimates of any mental disorder varied widely from > 40% in the Netherlands and the U.S. to levels of 12 % in Turkey and 20 % in Mexico.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness that affects approximately 1% of the population, and most patients require lifetime therapy. 3,4 Lithium has been used in the treatment of bipolar disorder in the past 50 years, but it has a narrow therapeutic window. At the therapeutic plasma concentration (0.5 to 1 mM), it has several side effects such as thirst, weight gain, tremor, polyuria, and memory problems, but at > 2 mM plasma concentration, toxic effects occur, including nausea, vomiting, and even convulsion.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%