Cross-modal reorganization in cochlear implant users: Auditory cortex contributes to visual face processing

Stropahl, Maren; Plotz, Karsten; Schönfeld, R; Lenarz, Thomas; Sandmann, Pascale; Yovel, Galit; Vos, Maarten De; Debener, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.062

Cited by 74 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The auditory responsiveness was not different from HC, demonstrating that the secondary auditory cortex develops its basic functional responsiveness even in absence of any hearing. This corresponds to persistence of basic functionality within the deprived sense of congenitally sensory-deprived humans (Collignon et al, 2009;Leonard et al, 2012;Striem-Amit et al, 2012a, 2012bCardin et al, 2013Cardin et al, , 2016Gandhi et al, 2015). The present study provides the physiological substrate of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The present study provides the physiological substrate of this phenomenon. Supporting this, sighted and congenitally blind subjects show specificity for motion or object form in the occipital cortex regardless of input modality, even in absence of visual experience (Voss and Zatorre, 2012;Peelen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Some studies have reported negative interference from visual inputs for auditory processing in deaf subjects (Doucet et al, 2006;Buckley and Tobey, 2011;Sandmann et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2016). Conversely, beneficial cross-modal effects for speech understanding have been reported, mainly in the postlingually deaf (Giraud et al, 2000;Rouger et al, 2007;Stropahl et al, 2015).…”

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, beneficial cross-modal effects for speech understanding have been reported, mainly in the postlingually deaf (Giraud et al, 2000;Rouger et al, 2007;Stropahl et al, 2015). These latter studies, however, investigated postlingually deafened groups, whereas the present study investigated the congenitally deaf.…”

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Modal Plasticity in Higher-Order Auditory Cortex of Congenitally Deaf Cats Does Not Limit Auditory Responsiveness to Cochlear Implants

et al. 2016

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Congenital sensory deprivation can lead to reorganization of the deprived cortical regions by another sensory system. Such cross-modal reorganization may either compete with or complement the "original" inputs to the deprived area after sensory restoration and can thus be either adverse or beneficial for sensory restoration. In congenital deafness, a previous inactivation study documented that supranormal visual behavior was mediated by higher-order auditory fields in congenitally deaf cats (CDCs). However, both the auditory responsiveness of "deaf" higherorder fields and interactions between the reorganized and the original sensory input remain unknown. Here, we studied a higher-order auditory field responsible for the supranormal visual function in CDCs, the auditory dorsal zone (DZ). Hearing cats and visual cortical areas served as a control. Using mapping with microelectrode arrays, we demonstrate spatially scattered visual (cross-modal) responsiveness in the DZ, but show that this did not interfere substantially with robust auditory responsiveness elicited through cochlear implants. Visually responsive and auditory-responsive neurons in the deaf auditory cortex formed two distinct populations that did not show bimodal interactions. Therefore, cross-modal plasticity in the deaf higher-order auditory cortex had limited effects on auditory inputs. The moderate number of scattered cross-modally responsive neurons could be the consequence of exuberant connections formed during development that were not pruned postnatally in deaf cats. Although juvenile brain circuits are modified extensively by experience, the main driving input to the cross-modally (visually) reorganized higher-order auditory cortex remained auditory in congenital deafness.

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Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auditory Activation Of the Secondary Auditory Cortex In Deafmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cross-Modal Plasticity in Higher-Order Auditory Cortex of Congenitally Deaf Cats Does Not Limit Auditory Responsiveness to Cochlear Implants

et al. 2016

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“…Future work is required to conclude whether such intramodal visual enhancements benefit speech outcomes more in postlingual than prelingually deafened CI users for whom multisensory integration may be underdeveloped. Recently, higher auditory cortex activation during a visual discrimination task was also positively related to face recognition abilities in postlingually deafened CI users (Stropahl et al 2015a). Because this finding was specific to faces (and not images of houses), it also supports the idea that functionally-selective plasticity may preferentially stem from the processing of the highly ecologically-relevant stimuli needed for speech understanding (Heimler et al 2014; Stropahl et al 2015a).…”

Section: Cross Modal Plasticity/animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients

et al. 2017

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Speech perception is inherently a multisensory process involving integration of auditory and visual cues. Multisensory integration in cochlear implant (CI) recipients is a unique circumstance in that the integration occurs following auditory deprivation and the provision of hearing via the CI. Despite the clear importance of multisensory cues for perception in general, and for speech intelligibility specifically, the topic of multisensory perceptual benefits in CI users has only recently begun to emerge as an area of inquiry. We review the research that has been conducted on multisensory integration in CI users to date, and suggest a number of areas needing further research. The overall pattern of results indicates that many CI recipients show at least some perceptual gain that can be attributable to multisensory integration. The extent of this gain, however, varies based on a number of factors, including age of implantation and specific task being assessed (e.g. stimulus detection, phoneme perception, word recognition). Whereas both children and adults with CIs obtain audiovisual benefits for phoneme, word, and sentence stimuli, neither group shows demonstrable gain for suprasegmental feature perception. Additionally, only early-implanted children and the highest performing adults obtain audiovisual integration benefits similar to individuals with normal hearing. Increasing age of implantation in children is associated with poorer gains resultant from audiovisual integration, suggesting a sensitive period in development for the brain networks that subserve these integrative functions, as well as length of auditory experience. This finding highlights the need for early detection of and intervention for hearing loss, not only in terms of auditory perception, but also in terms of the behavioral and perceptual benefits of audiovisual processing. Importantly, patterns of auditory, visual, and audiovisual responses suggest that underlying integrative processes may be fundamentally different between CI users and typical-hearing listeners. Future research, particularly in low-level processing tasks such as signal detection, will help to further assess mechanisms of multisensory integration for individuals with hearing loss, both with and without CIs.

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Auditory and audio–visual processing in patients with cochlear, auditory brainstem, and auditory midbrain implants: An EEG study

Schierholz

Finke

Kral

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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There is substantial variability in speech recognition ability across patients with cochlear implants (CIs), auditory brainstem implants (ABIs), and auditory midbrain implants (AMIs). To better understand how this variability is related to central processing differences, the current electroencephalography (EEG) study compared hearing abilities and auditory-cortex activation in patients with electrical stimulation at different sites of the auditory pathway. Three different groups of patients with auditory implants (Hannover Medical School; ABI: n = 6, CI: n = 6; AMI: n = 2) performed a speeded response task and a speech recognition test with auditory, visual, and audio-visual stimuli. Behavioral performance and cortical processing of auditory and audio-visual stimuli were compared between groups. ABI and AMI patients showed prolonged response times on auditory and audio-visual stimuli compared with NH listeners and CI patients. This was confirmed by prolonged N1 latencies and reduced N1 amplitudes in ABI and AMI patients. However, patients with central auditory implants showed a remarkable gain in performance when visual and auditory input was combined, in both speech and non-speech conditions, which was reflected by a strong visual modulation of auditory-cortex activation in these individuals. In sum, the results suggest that the behavioral improvement for audio-visual conditions in central auditory implant patients is based on enhanced audio-visual interactions in the auditory cortex. Their findings may provide important implications for the optimization of electrical stimulation and rehabilitation strategies in patients with central auditory prostheses. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2206-2225, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Cross-modal reorganization in cochlear implant users: Auditory cortex contributes to visual face processing

Cited by 74 publications

References 91 publications

Cross-Modal Plasticity in Higher-Order Auditory Cortex of Congenitally Deaf Cats Does Not Limit Auditory Responsiveness to Cochlear Implants

Cross-Modal Plasticity in Higher-Order Auditory Cortex of Congenitally Deaf Cats Does Not Limit Auditory Responsiveness to Cochlear Implants

Multisensory Integration in Cochlear Implant Recipients

Auditory and audio–visual processing in patients with cochlear, auditory brainstem, and auditory midbrain implants: An EEG study

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