Cross-Modal Priming Evidence for Phonology-to-Orthography Activation in Visual Word Recognition

Whatmough, Christine; Arguin, Martin; Bub, Daniel N.

doi:10.1006/brln.1998.1996

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Consistent with the results of Experiment 2, Connine et al (1993) have shown that pseudo-words can prime phonological word neighbors as long as the phonological distance between the two does not exceed one or two phonetic features (see also: Milberg et al, 1988; Marslen-Wilson et al, 1996; Frisch et al, 2000; Bölte and Coenen, 2002; Saito et al, 2003; Raettig and Kotz, 2008; Gow, 2012). The claim that lexical orthography may be automatically activated during spoken word processing is also supported by a variety of studies (e.g., Whatmough et al, 1999; Ziegler et al, 2003; Ventura et al, 2004). In this study, we have extended the implications of these claims to the context of spelling to dictation, and have adopted the further assumption that both lexical and sublexical processes, operating in parallel, activate a common set of graphemes (see also: Tainturier and Rapp, 2001, 2004; Rapp et al, 2002; Bosse et al, 2003; Bonin and Delattre, 2010; Purcell et al, 2011; Martin and Barry, 2012; Roux et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Lexical neighborhood effects in pseudoword spelling

et al. 2013

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The general aim of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive processes that underpin skilled adult spelling. More specifically, it investigates the influence of lexical neighbors on pseudo-word spelling with the goal of providing a more detailed account of the interaction between lexical and sublexical sources of knowledge in spelling. In prior research examining this topic, adult participants typically heard lists composed of both words and pseudo-words and had to make a lexical decision to each stimulus before writing the pseudo-words. However, these priming paradigms are susceptible to strategic influence and may therefore not give a clear picture of the processes normally engaged in spelling unfamiliar words. In our two Experiments involving 71 French-speaking literate adults, only pseudo-words were presented which participants were simply requested to write to dictation using the first spelling that came to mind. Unbeknownst to participants, pseudo-words varied according to whether they did or did not have a phonological word neighbor. Results revealed that low-probability phoneme/grapheme mappings (e.g., /o/ -> aud in French) were used significantly more often in spelling pseudo-words with a close phonological lexical neighbor with that spelling (e.g., /krepo/ derived from “crapaud,” /krapo/) than in spelling pseudo-words with no close neighbors (e.g., /frøpo/). In addition, the strength of this lexical influence increased with the lexical frequency of the word neighbors as well as with their degree of phonetic overlap with the pseudo-word targets. These results indicate that information from lexical and sublexical processes is integrated in the course of spelling, and a specific theoretical account as to how such integration may occur is introduced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Lexical neighborhood effects in pseudoword spelling

et al. 2013

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“…Furthermore, the results of Experiment 2D, in which the effect was found following auditory presentation, suggest that auditory stimulation is sufficient for the encoding of orthographic information in memory (cf. Jakimik, Cole, & Rudnicky, 1985; Whatmough, Arguin, & Bub, 1999). What is particularly striking about this finding in Experiment 2D is that auditory stimulation led to the recognition of orthographic information when the test fragments were unidentified, and therefore there was no possibility for covert articulation of the visually presented test stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition without identification.

Cleary¹,

Greene²

2000

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The ability of people to recognize words that they could not identify was examined. After studying a list of 15 words, participants completed a word fragment test consisting of 4-letter fragments of both studied and nonstudied words. Whether they were able to solve a particular fragment or not, participants then made an episodic recognition judgment. Even when participants were unable to solve a fragment, their recognition accuracy was significantly higher than chance. This effect was significant when list length was increased, when 2-letter fragments were used, when first letters were excluded from fragments, and when the letter casing and the presentation modality were changed from study to test. It also occurred when participants attempted to identify fragments at study and rated words at test. Recognition without identification is attributed to the use of orthographic information when determining the familiarity of a test item.

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“…The neural mechanisms of rapid phonology encoding in alphabetic languages have been investigated using behavioral [9], [10], [11], [12], [13] and neuroimaging [14], [15], [16], [17], [18] methods. In a study investigating the automatic orthographic and phonological activation in the brief identification paradigm, Booth et al, found orthographic and phonological priming effects that favored the automatic activation of phonological information in visual words even in beginning readers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Extraction of Lexical Tone Phonology in Chinese Characters: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

Wang

Liu

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIn alphabetic languages, emerging evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies shows the rapid and automatic activation of phonological information in visual word recognition. In the mapping from orthography to phonology, unlike most alphabetic languages in which there is a natural correspondence between the visual and phonological forms, in logographic Chinese, the mapping between visual and phonological forms is rather arbitrary and depends on learning and experience. The issue of whether the phonological information is rapidly and automatically extracted in Chinese characters by the brain has not yet been thoroughly addressed.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe continuously presented Chinese characters differing in orthography and meaning to adult native Mandarin Chinese speakers to construct a constant varying visual stream. In the stream, most stimuli were homophones of Chinese characters: The phonological features embedded in these visual characters were the same, including consonants, vowels and the lexical tone. Occasionally, the rule of phonology was randomly violated by characters whose phonological features differed in the lexical tone.Conclusions/SignificanceWe showed that the violation of the lexical tone phonology evoked an early, robust visual response, as revealed by whole-head electrical recordings of the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), indicating the rapid extraction of phonological information embedded in Chinese characters. Source analysis revealed that the vMMN was involved in neural activations of the visual cortex, suggesting that the visual sensory memory is sensitive to phonological information embedded in visual words at an early processing stage.

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Cross-Modal Priming Evidence for Phonology-to-Orthography Activation in Visual Word Recognition

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Lexical neighborhood effects in pseudoword spelling

Lexical neighborhood effects in pseudoword spelling

Recognition without identification.

Rapid Extraction of Lexical Tone Phonology in Chinese Characters: A Visual Mismatch Negativity Study

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