Cross‐Linking Strategies for Silk‐Protein‐Based Inks for 3D Printing

Abstract

Due to excellent biocompatibility, sufficient raw material, robust mechanical properties and easy cross‐linking, Silk Fibroin (SF) is a promising protein for 3D printing inks and an ideal candidate for 3D scaffolds in fields like regenerative medicine, bioelectronics and bio‐optics. In order to meet the requirements of print accuracy, mechanical properties and form retention capabilities, the first step is to prepare SF 3D printing inks using physical, chemical or other strategies of cross‐linking. The basic chemical groups and physical structure of SF determines its ability to form 3D networks under different conditions using various cross‐linking strategies. In the preparation of SF‐based 3D printing inks, physical, chemical or other strategies of cross‐linking improve the qualities of printing, but each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. This paper discusses different crosslinking strategies for SF to support the development of exciting potential for SF‐based 3D printing inks to meet more needs in the future.