Cross-Linked Polymer Membranes for Energy-Efficient Gas Separation: Innovations and Perspectives

Advancements in defect engineering of two-dimensional nanomaterial-based membranes for enhanced gas separation

“…This mechanism effectively captures larger molecules at the membrane surface while permitting smaller molecules to permeate, with pore sizes typically ranging from 0.0005 to 0.001 mm. 12,85 As depicted in Fig. 2(f), molecular sieving is achieved when the membrane's pore size is intermediate between the diameters of two dissimilar molecules, allowing smaller molecules to pass through the pores while larger molecules are retained on the surface, thus facilitating separation.…”

“…Membrane materials constitute the foundation of membrane technology, and among the plethora of available materials, polymers have emerged as the primary choice for gas separation membranes in commercial applications due to their cost-effectiveness and excellent membrane-forming properties. 12 However, the motions of the polymer chains give rise to a trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity in polymer membranes. This trade-off effect has greatly hindered the progress of polymer membranes in gas separation.…”

Advanced and sustainable manufacturing methods of polymer-based membranes for gas separation: a review

“…Upper bound plot for selected cross-linked membranes of CO 2 /CH 4 , Polymers are labelled as follows: (1) PPM-Ƴ-CD-425 (Askari et al, 2012), (2) BMPI-60%-450 (Xu et al, 2021a), (3) 75%-X-PI , (4) 6FDA-DAT/DATCA-450 (Tian et al, 2018), (5) 6FDA-DAT1-450-3h (Yerzhankyzy et al, 2022), ( 6) PI-Im-COOH-450-1 (Shi et al, 2022), ( 7) FDA-DAPI-DABA-40min (Dose et al, 2019), ( 8) PIM-BM-70(250C-10h) (Chen et al, 2020), ( 9) PIM-BM-70(300C-5h) (Chen et al, 2020), (10) 50%-X-PI , ( 11) PIM-300-2d (Li et al, 2012). Adapted from (Liu et al, 2023).…”

“…Cross-linking techniques have become a pivotal approach in the fabrication of polymeric membranes for gas separation, offering enhanced stability and performance (Wright and Paul, 1997;Kelman, 2008). These techniques involve the formation of chemical bonds between polymer chains, creating a network structure that significantly improves the membrane mechanical strength and chemical resistance (Liu et al, 2023). Some profound benefits of cross-linked polymeric membranes in gas separation are their enhanced selectivity and permeability, as illustrated in (Figure 8).…”

“…Cross-linking can reduce the free volume within the polymer matrix, thereby allowing for more selective gas transport. This is particularly beneficial for applications requiring high purity levels, such as in the separation of carbon dioxide from methane in natural gas processing (Hong et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2023). Additionally, cross-linked membranes exhibit improved resistance to swelling, CO 2 induced plasticization and chemical degradation, particularly in harsh environments (Wind et al, 2002;Begni et al, 2021).…”