Cross-linked norbornene sulfonated poly(ether ketone)s for proton exchange membrane

Enhancing performance of Nafion ® -based PEMFC by 1-D channel metal-organic frameworks as PEM filler

“…The proton conductivities of these composite membranes were investigated using a home-made cell consisting of two stainless steel electrodes over the frequency range 1 MHze1 Hz, using a frequency analyzer AUTOLAB/PGSTAT 30 electrochemical instrument [37,38]. The proton conductivity (s) was obtained using Equation (3) as shown below:…”

Building bridges: Crosslinking of sulfonated aromatic polymers—A review

“…Compared to the former, direct polymerization of various monomers can endow SAP with the desired structure and a controlled degree of sulfonation, tailor the property-structure relationship, and make XL reactions more versatile [50,[60][61][62][63][64][65]. In the following, various crosslinking pathways are considered.…”

Thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes with novel hydrophilic supports for desalination

“…The blended sulphonated materials not only adjust the hydrophilicity and the morphology of the membrane substrates but also significantly enhance the FO performance of the result TFC membranes. Sulphonated poly(ether ketone) (SPEK) polymers are one of the most important hydrophilic sulphonated aromatic polymers [51][52][53]. In addition to the unique chemical and physical properties such as high hydrolytic, thermal and oxidation stabilities, adjustable hydrophilicity and excellent mechanical properties, they are characteristic of low costs and easy processability [54].…”