Cross-linked aryl-sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) proton exchange membranes for fuel cell

Zhou, Shuhua; Kim, Dong Jin

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.098

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Among PEMs, Nafion is the state of the art membrane. It is highly expensive and efforts are made to replace the same with cheaper alternatives; sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF) and polyaryletherketones (sPEEK and sPEK) are two of the promising candidates [Figures (b–d)] . In general, as mentioned earlier, these membranes have three common attributes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of Nafion‐117, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF) and sulfonated polyether ketone (sPEK) membranes

Saleha

Rahul

Nalajala

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nafion®-117, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF) and sulfonated polyetherketone (sPEK) are characterized using broadband dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range of 10 MHz–100 mHz. Overall, there are 4-5 relaxation processes in these sulfonated membranes and a comparison of their spectral features allows assigning the relaxation processes. At an optimum amplitude of ~100 mVrms, all the relaxations are clearly defined as the electrode polarization is minimized. At low temperatures (-130°C), these membranes show a broad relaxation peak in the mid-frequency region, which quickly shifts towards the high-frequency region as the temperature is increased to -90°C. This peak is observed in proton exchange membranes for the first time due to the use of low ac amplitude, and it is assigned to the relaxation of the confined water in the micro-pores. With all the membranes, the peak associated with -SO3H group relaxation is observed in the same frequency range at a temperature of ~-80°C

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of Nafion‐117, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF) and sulfonated polyether ketone (sPEK) membranes

Saleha

Rahul

Nalajala

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Our results indicated that these polymers exhibited low methanol diffusion and water uptake, excellent thermal stability, and good mechanical properties [15,16]. However, the conductivity was not sufficient to meet the requirement for PEMFCs/DMFCs applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cross-linked poly(arylene ether ketone) electrolyte membranes with enhanced proton conduction for fuel cells

Dang

Kim

2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…The pendant carboxylic acid groups were then used as crosslinkers to form crosslinked SPAEK membranes that exhibited promising properties when compared to the industrial Nafion® 117. 115 Gross and co-workers have also reported the formation of bio-based thermosets through the synthesis of DPA-derived bis epoxy monomers, and their subsequent curing (Figure 22). 116,117 By means of esterprotection of the acid moiety with short alkyl-chains, the addition of glycerol-devired epichlorohydrin under alkaline conditions formed diglycidyl ethers of diphenolate esters.…”

Section: Diphenolic Acid-based Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Sourced Polymers: Recent Advances

Cramail

Bizet

Lamarzelle

et al. 2020

Series on Chemistry, Energy and the Environment

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Synthetic polymers are of major interest in the chemical industry, with a world production superior to 350Mt in 2016. They find applications in all the branches of industry, from packaging films to the stateof-the-art materials for sports and leisure activities, construction and aerospace industry or medical applications. Half of the amount of molecules produced by the petrochemical industry thus finds itself incorporated in the elaboration of polymer materials. With a production of 160Mt / year, ethylene can be considered as the major example of petroleum-based monomers. Green Chemistry introduced in 1998 by Anastase et al. (refer to Chapter 1 of this book), aims at providing solutions to reduce environmental impacts of our society. More precisely, this pursue of a more sustainable chemistry consists in using a source of renewable carbon to both reduce the dependence on fossil resources and thus stabilize greenhouse gas emissions (in particular CO 2 ) at the end of life. The use of renewable resources is of major interest in the elaboration of bio-sourced polymers. By using them, it is possible to mimick the fossil-based polymers -drop-in structures such as biopolyethylene-or to design new chemical structures, such as poly(lactic acid), PLA. Nowadays, the vegetal-based chemistry (renewable resources) mobilizes less than 0.5 % of arable land in the world. Some reminders of the definitions of the terms biomass, biopolymer, biodegradable polymer, bio-sourced polymer, bioplastic, biorefinery may be necessary: Biomass: material of biological origin (elaborated by alive bodies) with the exception of the materials of geological or fossil formation.Biopolymer: polymer developed by alive bodies, extracted from the biomass. Examples: polysaccharides, proteins, bacterial polymers.Biodegradable polymer: polymer the main degradation mechanism of which can be biotic, by enzymatic way. Under the action of micro-organisms and in the presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions), the organic compound decomposes totally within few months into carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts, with the appearance of a new biomass; in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions), the organic compound decomposes totally within few months into carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and creation of a new biomass.Bio-sourced (or bio-based) polymer: synthetic polymer partially (generally > 20 %) or totally obtained from by-products stemming from the biomass. The bio-sourced character of a polymer can be determined in particular from its content in C14, according to the standard ASTM D6866. For the materials of totally fossil origin, the content in C14 is null.Bioplastic: term of popularization which indicates a 'biobased plastic' (restricted definition) and/or biodegradable (wider definition).Biorefinery: by analogy with a classic refinery, which works from fossil resources, a bio-refinery handles biomasses to produce, according to the cases, energy, fuels, materials, chemical and polymer products and/or animal and human feed. Today, two biopolymers ac...

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Cross-linked aryl-sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) proton exchange membranes for fuel cell

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of Nafion‐117, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF) and sulfonated polyether ketone (sPEK) membranes

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of Nafion‐117, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSF) and sulfonated polyether ketone (sPEK) membranes

Cross-linked poly(arylene ether ketone) electrolyte membranes with enhanced proton conduction for fuel cells

Bio-Sourced Polymers: Recent Advances

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