Cross-Linkable Fullerene Derivatives for Solution-Processed n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Wojciechowski, Konrad; Ramírez, Iván; Gorisse, Thérèse; Dautel, Olivier; Dasari, Raghunath R.; Sakai, Nobuya; Hardigree, Josué F. Martínez; Song, Seulki; Marder, Seth R.; Riede, Moritz; Wantz, Guillaume; Snaith, Henry J.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00229

Cited by 70 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We show the device architecture in Figure 5B, consisting of PCBCB [phenyl-C61-butyric acid benzocyclobutene ester], a crosslinkable fullerene derivative, [45,46] microstrain, and charge-carrier mobilities. We observe that the optimum device performance is obtained when the solution is aged for ≈2 d. We show in Figure 5C the spectral response of a representative FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 ) 3 perovskite solar cells, which yields a current density of 21.5 mA cm −2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology Control of Formamidinium–Cesium Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Tunability of the Colloidal Precursor Solution

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

spin-coating, [2,3] two-step interdiffusion, [4] dip-coating, [4] inkjet printing, [5,6] and spray pyrolysis. [7] These solution-based fabrication methods of perovskite films have been used in a variety of devices ranging from field-effect transistors, [8] light-emitting devices (LED), [9] photodetectors, [10,11] to solar cells. [2][3][4]12] Although most perovskite thin films are fabricated using a saltbased precursor solution, little effort has been dedicated to characterizing the structure and time-dependent evolution of the species present in solution and the impact this has on the quality of the resulting films. Furthermore, it has been shown that additives to the precursor solution can impact the nucleation rate, morphology, grain size, and crystallinity of the perovskite. Additives, such as polymers, [13] small molecules, [14,15] metal ions, [16] water, [17] or acids, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] can play a vital role in material quality, enabling improvements in material stability, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performance.Work by Yan et al. characterized the 1:1 CH 3 NH 3 I:PbI 2 stoichiometric precursor solution as a colloidal dispersion in a mother solution, rather than a pure solution. [25] When fabricated on planar substrate, this colloidal solution forms films with poor morphology, due to the presence of rodshaped colloids comprised of a soft coordination complex in the form of a lead polyhalide framework. [25] The authors show that the colloid distribution can be tuned by varying the organic to inorganic compound ratio in the precursor solution, using excess CH 3 NH 3 I (MAI) and CH 3 NH 3 Cl (MACl). However, the authors were unable to remove the 1D PbI 2 rod-like structures in the widely used stoichiometric 1:1 precursor solution. Adding excess organic cation to dissolve these colloids may be incompatible with recently published mixed-cation perov skites that contain both organic and inorganic cations, [26][27][28][29] since this will alter the precise [HC(NH 2 ) 2 ] + (formamidinium, FA) to Cs ratio, which is required to form the appropriate perovskite composition. In addition, FAI has a lower effective volatility than MACl, for instance, and hence excess quantities will not be so readily removed. Herein, we address this problem by utilizing acidic additives to trigger the dissolution of the Perovskite Solar CellsIn recent years, metal halide perovskite solar cells have gained tremendous attention, reaching certified efficiencies of 22.1% power conversion efficiency. [1] This rapid success is partly due to a versatile solution-based fabrication process which allows for a wide range of deposition techniques such as:

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology Control of Formamidinium–Cesium Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Tunability of the Colloidal Precursor Solution

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9,53 Therefore, it is very important to exploit CTLs with adequate thermo-/photorobustness. To this end, several crosslinkable organic CTLs have recently been exploited, [54][55][56][57] in which not only respectable robustness against moisture but also decent thermal stability have been demonstrated for the derived devices. [58][59][60][61][62] These results highlight the potential of using crosslinkable organic CTLs to realize efficient and stable PVSCs.…”

Section: Context and Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by All-Crosslinked Charge-Transporting Layers

Zhu

Zhao

Shi

et al. 2018

Joule

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have designed and synthesized a crosslinkable n-type conjugated molecule, c-HATNA. This c-HATNA electron-transporting layer can be used in conjunction with another crosslinkable hole-transporting layer, c-TCTA-BVP (recently reported by our group), to fabricate an all-crosslinked CTL for PVSC. Benefiting from the lowtemperature crosslinking reactions, the derived cells can achieve high PCE of 16.08% and 13.42% on rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. The device with all-crosslinked CTLs showed impressive thermal stability in ambient environment without encapsulation.

show abstract

“…a) Some recent reports of PCE of planar PSCs over the years employing organic ESLs in a conventional n–i–p (Refs. , blue) and an inverted p–i–n (Refs. , orange) architecture.…”

Section: Electron‐selective Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wojciechowski compared the effect of employing the insolubilized sol–gel C 60 and PCBCB (phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid benzocyclobutene ester). Their results indicated that both the molecules showed improved device performance over C 60 , since the insoluble ESLs ensures the controllable perovskite film thickness and reduced surface charge recombination at the interfaces …”

Section: Electron‐selective Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art Electron‐Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells

Sun

Buonassisi

Correa‐Baena

2018

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

realized when TiO 2 was replaced by the insulating Al 2 O 3 as a scaffold layer, that the perovskite materials could act both as a light absorber and as a charge transporter in solar cells. [4] Since then, planar heterojunction-structured PSCs have been developed rapidly, benefiting from the excellent bifunctional property of the perovskites and avoided the use of the high-temperature-processed mesoporous oxides. [5] While many studies are focusing on making more efficient PSC devices, there has been a number of milestones achieved by employing various ESL and hole selective layer (HSL) materials. [6][7][8] The choice and processing of ESL have been shown an essential role in achieving high efficiency, reducing photocurrent hysteresis reduction, as well as improving moisture stability. [8,9] One of the main advantages of planar PSCs has been shown to be the capability of low temperature processing, applying ESLs such as SnO 2 to replace TiO 2 . On the other hand, inherited from organic solar cells, recent development of organic ESLs further eased the manufacture of flexible solar cells, which is advantageous over the robust mesoporous PSCs as well as silicon cells in a number of applications. Despite many studies revealing the important roles of ESLs in PSCs, however, few compared the merits of the organic and inorganic ESL candidates. In this review, we summarize some of the recent development of ESL materials in the stateof-the-art planar PSCs, with particular emphasis on the role of ESL leading to the premise of hysteresis-free efficiency and enhanced device stability. In particular, as increasing attention has been drawn to the commercialization efforts for PSCs, [10] we address the future trend for ESL materials, featuring the low-temperature processing and large-area printable devices for future investigations. Electron-Selective ContactsPSCs typically use of a stack structure made of glass, fluorinedoped tin oxide (FTO), an ESL in the form of a mesoporous scaffold or a nanometer-scale film, the perovskite thin film typically 400-600 nm, and a HSL, topped by a metal contact. This device architecture is typically referred to as n-i-p, where n, i, and p stand for donor-type, intrinsic, and acceptortype semiconductors, respectively. In the n-i-p configuration, Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention as efficiencies go beyond 22%. To achieve these impressive numbers, the PSC scientific community is working to improve both the perovskite optoelectronic properties, and, importantly, the interfacial properties of the adjacent electron selective contacts (ESLs). Improvements in both fronts have happened concurrently and are responsible for these rapid efficiency gains. Here, the authors review the recent advances in understanding the role of ESLs on performance improvements. ESLs can be prepared from either organic and inorganic semiconductors, or a combination of both, and their key characteristics are summarized in detail. Current state-of-the-art PSCs employ fully inorganic ESLs made of a thi...

show abstract

Cross-Linkable Fullerene Derivatives for Solution-Processed n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 70 publications

References 40 publications

Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology Control of Formamidinium–Cesium Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Tunability of the Colloidal Precursor Solution

Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology Control of Formamidinium–Cesium Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Tunability of the Colloidal Precursor Solution

Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by All-Crosslinked Charge-Transporting Layers

State‐of‐the‐Art Electron‐Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About