Cross‐Link‐Functionalized Nanoparticles for Rapid Excretion in Nanotheranostic Applications

Abstract

Most NIR-IIb fluorophores are nanoparticle-based probes with long retention (% 1month or longer) in the body. Here,weapplied anovel cross-linked coating to functionalize core/shell lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide quantum dots (PbS/ CdS QDs) emitting at % 1600 nm. The coating was comprised of an amphiphilic polymer followed by three crosslinked amphiphilic polymeric layers (P 3 coating), imparting high biocompatibility and > 90 %excretion of QDs within 2weeks of intravenous administration. The P 3-QDs were conjugated to an engineered anti-CD8 diabody (Cys-diabody) for in vivo molecular imaging of CD8 + cytotoxic Tlymphocytes (CTLs) in response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Tw o-plex molecular imaging in combination with down-conversion Er nanoparticles (ErNPs) was performed for real-time in vivo monitoring of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and CTLs with cellular resolution by non-invasive NIR-IIb light sheet microscopy. Imaging of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment and of lymph nodes deep in the body with asignal-to-background ratio of up to % 170 was also achieved using P 3-QDs.

Anchoring Group Mediated Radiolabeling for Achieving Robust Nanoimaging Probes

“…Functional inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) such as magnetic iron oxide NPs, [1][2][3][4][5][6] quantum dots, [7,8] rare-earth NPs, [9,10] noblemetal NPs, [11,12] and transition metal chalcogenide NPs [13] have shown great potentials for versatile biomedical applications. a satisfactory radiolabeling yield, [28,29] which is not compatible with short half-live radionuclides.…”

Inorganic Nanoparticles Applied as Functional Therapeutics

“…For example, the UCNPs with proper coating can significantly accelerate the efficiency of their biliary excretion. [ 172 ] Moreover, there are various kinds of inorganic NPs that can be degradation into ions, such as MnO 2 , CaCO 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and transition‐metal dichalcogenides NPs. [ 173 ] The degradability of inorganic NPs can be modulated through doping inorganic species, such as calcium‐doped silica NPs; [ 174 ] incorporation of organic moieties, such as the hybrid of organic molecules into the framework, [ 175 ] or the introduction of cleavable organic molecules.…”

Activatable fluorescence sensors for in vivo bio-detection in the second near-infrared window

“…As for inorganic nanoparticles, shell protection could remarkably strengthen the anti-quenching ability and surface modification such as the cross-link-function could improve the stability in a complex physiological environment. 94 …”