Cross-Layer Design Approaches in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Abstract

The research in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) has gained momentum over the last two decades owing to the vast applications it supports like environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, disaster prevention, military, navigation assistance, etc. The sensor nodes deployed underwater have limited battery capacity. The main challenge is to design energy-efficient protocols facing the constraints due to peculiar characteristics and harsh underwater environment. The traditional layered approach is inadequate and insufficient for this purpose, hence Cross-layer Design (CLD) is the need of the hour that allows information exchange among the different layers to find an optimal solution with better utilization of scarce resources to improve the network performance. As far as we are aware, there is no survey paper available in the literature dedicated to CLD in UWSN's. We present the unique characteristics of the acoustic channel and its corresponding issues and challenges. The different proposals in the literature are categorized and compared based on the performance metrics. The basic approach for each scheme is detailed with its advantages and shortcomings which will help future researchers to overcome them to design efficient schemes.

Trust-Based Beacon Node Localization Algorithm for Underwater Networks by Exploiting Nature Inspired Meta-Heuristic Strategies

“…The currently available list of various routing protocols and its taxonomy, comparison and discussion are presented in [24]. The design applications are discussed in [25], different modes of underwater communications in [26], a comprehensive list of localization optimization algorithms in [27]. Moreover the BC oriented scheme for sybil attack of UWSN, bio-inspired algorithms in [28] and a dynamic trust-based evolution of hidden Markov models cooperate, and opportunistic routing protocols and there design guideline are listed in [26][27][28].…”

“…The d are discussed in [25], different modes of underwater communications hensive list of localization optimization algorithms in [27]. Moreove scheme for sybil attack of UWSN, bio-inspired algorithms in [28] an based evolution of hidden Markov models cooperate, and opportunisti and there design guideline are listed in [26][27][28]. A New kernelized approach to WSN localization…”

“…The design applications are discussed in [25], different modes of underwater communications in [26], a comprehensive list of localization optimization algorithms in [27]. Moreover the BC oriented scheme for sybil attack of UWSN, bio-inspired algorithms in [28] and a dynamic trustbased evolution of hidden Markov models cooperate, and opportunistic routing protocols and there design guideline are listed in [26][27][28]. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of different routing issues are analyzed in detail with future directions that will enable the researcher to conduct future study more effectively [22,23].…”

“…The design ap are discussed in [25], different modes of underwater communications in [26], hensive list of localization optimization algorithms in [27]. Moreover the BC scheme for sybil attack of UWSN, bio-inspired algorithms in [28] and a dyna based evolution of hidden Markov models cooperate, and opportunistic routing and there design guideline are listed in [26][27][28]. A New kernelized approach to WSN localization…”

“…The currently available list of va its taxonomy, comparison and discussion are presented in [2 are discussed in [25], different modes of underwater commu hensive list of localization optimization algorithms in [27]. scheme for sybil attack of UWSN, bio-inspired algorithms in based evolution of hidden Markov models cooperate, and opp and there design guideline are listed in [26][27][28]. Their study simply classifies the underwater do main in three categories: energy-based, data-based and geographic information-base protocols.…”