Cross-Layer Based Opportunistic MAC Protocols for QoS Provisionings Over Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks

Abstract

Abstract-We propose the cross-layer based opportunistic multi-channel medium access control (MAC) protocols, which integrate the spectrum sensing at physical (PHY) layer with the packet scheduling at MAC layer, for the wireless ad hoc networks. Specifically, the MAC protocols enable the secondary users to identify and utilize the leftover frequency spectrum in a way that constrains the level of interference to the primary users. In our proposed protocols, each secondary user is equipped with two transceivers. One transceiver is tuned to the dedicated control channel, while the other is designed specifically as a cognitive radio that can periodically sense and dynamically use the identified un-used channels. To obtain the channel state accurately, we propose two collaborative channel spectrum-sensing policies, namely, the random sensing policy and the negotiation-based sensing policy, to help the MAC protocols detect the availability of leftover channels. Under the random sensing policy, each secondary user just randomly selects one of the channels for sensing. On the other hand, under the negotiation-based sensing policy, different secondary users attempt to select the distinct channels to sense by overhearing the control packets over the control channel. We develop the Markov chain model and the M/G Y /1-based queueing model to characterize the performance of our proposed multi-channel MAC protocols under the two types of channel-sensing policies for the saturation network and the non-saturation network scenarios, respectively. In the non-saturation network case, we quantitatively identify the tradeoff between the aggregate traffic throughput and the packet transmission delay, which can provide the insightful guidelines to improve the delay-QoS provisionings over cognitive radio wireless networks.Index Terms-Cognitive radio, multi-channel MAC, opportunistic spectrum access, cross-layer design, M/G Y /1 queueing theory, QoS provisionings.

Learning Interference Strategies in Cognitive ARQ Networks

“…Moreover, according to the common characterization of secondary users as best effort opportunistic users, it is assumed in the following that the secondary source transmits its own packets only once. 3 After each secondary source's transmission, the secondary receiver feeds back whether or not it successfully decoded its intended packet. The system operates in slotted time t={1, 2, 3, .…”

A Single radio based channel datarate-aware parallel rendezvous MAC protocol for cognitive radio networks

“…Existing multi-channel CRN MAC protocols can be classified into two categories: single rendezvous or parallel rendezvous. Single rendezvous MAC protocols [2][3][4][5][6] have a control channel as the rendezvous channel, and nodes can exchange all control information and negotiate parameters for data transmission on this channel. This control channel, however, can become a bottleneck under information exchange operations [7] and some such MAC protocols also need an additional transceiver which is always tuned onto the control channel, e.g.…”

“…This control channel, however, can become a bottleneck under information exchange operations [7] and some such MAC protocols also need an additional transceiver which is always tuned onto the control channel, e.g. [5]. Parallel rendezvous MAC protocols, on the other hand, do not need a common control channel.…”

Throughput and Delay Bounds for Cognitive Transmissions

“…The issues related to spectrum decision, access and management are addressed in [7,8,9]. In [7], the authors propose a distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol able to handle spectrum sensing, decision and access at the same time.…”

“…Decision theory is used to design and optimize the protocol parameters, with particular attention to spectrum prediction functionalities. In [8], Jia et al design a MAC protocol which accounts for hardware constraints (single transceiver, sensing overhead), whereas Su and Zhang [9] leverage a cross-layering approach to implement a MAC based on cooperative sensing among secondary users.…”