Cross laminated timber

Harris, Robert Blynn

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-454-3.00008-1

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…CLT is a laminated timber composite which can be used to form structural elements including walls, floor plates and roofs etc. It was first developed in Switzerland and Austria in the mid-1990s [1].…”

Section: Cross-laminated Timber (Clt): Background and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shear deformation due to the flexible bond between timber plies influences the stress distribution and stiffness of the CLT panel. In CLT design, the phenomenon of rolling shear, whereby a longitudinal shear plane develops at the interface between plies, is often critical in determining panel strength [1]. The rolling shear strength and modulus depend on many factors such as the dimensions of the CLT boards and timber species etc.…”

Section: Cross-laminated Timber (Clt): Background and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elastic response of cross-laminated timber panels using finite element and analytical techniques

Albostami

Wu²,

Cunningham³

2021

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

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Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered timber composite that is finding increasing structural application in construction today. Analysis of the structural behavior of CLT can be carried out by various analytical and numerical methods. Due to the complex behavior of CLT, use of numerical modelling such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) offers a convenient approach to analysis. In this paper, simulation of the elastic behavior of 1-way and 2-way spanning CLT panels using the FEM program ABAQUS is presented. Various modelling choices are explored numerically with the results being evaluated against those from either a 3D analytical method known as the State Space Approach (SSA) or existing experimental data. Among the case studies examined is a novel boundary condition for the SSA solution. In general, the optimum finite element model produced reasonable levels of accuracy with an average relative error equal to 3% in comparison to the SSA and a maximum of 10% in comparison to the experimental results.

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Section: Cross-laminated Timber (Clt): Background and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-laminated Timber (Clt): Background and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic response of cross-laminated timber panels using finite element and analytical techniques

Albostami

Wu²,

Cunningham³

2021

Can. J. Civ. Eng.

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“…Engineered timber products have several advantages. For example, CLT provides great advantages in terms of the speed of construction, minimal waste, and wide-span construction [25]. Furthermore, CLT has negative embodied carbon [25].…”

Section: Energy Saving and Carbon Emission Reduction Potential Of Timmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, CLT provides great advantages in terms of the speed of construction, minimal waste, and wide-span construction [25]. Furthermore, CLT has negative embodied carbon [25]. These advantages make timber a strong alternative to concrete [26].…”

Section: Energy Saving and Carbon Emission Reduction Potential Of Timmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Performance of Reinforced Concrete and Timber Stadiums—A Case Study in China

et al. 2020

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Many stadiums will be built in China in the next few decades due to increasing public interest in physical exercise and the incentive policies issued by the government under its National Fitness Program. This paper investigates the energy saving and carbon reduction performance of timber stadiums in China in comparison with stadiums constructed using conventional building materials, based on both life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and life cycle carbon assessment (LCCA). The authors select five representative cities in five climate zones in China as the simulation environment, simulate energy use in the operation phase of stadiums constructed from reinforced concrete (RC) and timber, and compare the RC and timber stadiums in terms of their life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. The LCEA results reveal that the energy saving potential afforded by timber stadiums is 11.05%, 12.14%, 8.15%, 4.61% and 4.62% lower than those of RC buildings in "severely cold," "cold," "hot summer, cold winter," "hot summer, warm winter," and "temperate" regions, respectively. The LCCA results demonstrate that the carbon emissions of timber stadiums are 15.85%, 15.86%, 18.88%, 19.22% and 22.47% lower than those of RC buildings for the regions above, respectively. This demonstrates that in China, timber stadiums have better energy conservation and carbon reduction potential than RC stadiums, based on life cycle assessment. Thus, policy makers are advised to encourage the promotion of timber stadiums in China to achieve the goal of sustainable energy development for public buildings.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1566 2 of 24 carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [4]. The use of fossil fuels is believed to be the main factor leading to global warming [5,6]. Global warming is widely considered to cause glacier retreat and regional climate changes, species extinction, and further uncertain risks [7,8].Measuring the "greenhouse effect" for mitigation purposes has become a major interest internationally in the last few decades. During the last 50 years, global warming has mainly been caused by excessive GHG emissions due to human activities [9]. International Energy Outlook (2019) reported that the building sector, one of the most important areas of human activities, accounted for 20% of the world's delivered energy consumption in 2018 [10]. This figure will rise to about 22% by 2050 [10]. The Brown to Green Report (2019) showed that carbon emissions directly from the building sector accounted for 9% of G20 energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2019 and that 18% of these emissions arose from electricity use in buildings [11].At the end of 2016, the energy consumption of buildings in China was 26 billion GJ, accounting for 20.6% of the country's total energy consumption. In total, the building industry emitted 1.96 billion tons of CO 2 in this year, accounting for 19.4% of domestic carbon emissions [12]. At the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference [13], the Chinese government set the goal of reducing carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 60%-65% by...

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“…Use of the reinforcement allows to solve the node connections and structural joints of wooden structures in a new way and more efficiently that increases their prefabricability, facilitates transportation and structure erection as well as the issues of repair and reconstruction of the operating enterprises. Investigations of the reinforced wooden structures and study of their stress-strain state under short-term and long-term loads required the development of methods for calculating such structures with allowances made for the features of the structures stress-strain state, the heterogeneousness of materials [1] in the composite structure, creep of wood and glue etc [2]. The first works in this area were performed by V.Yu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenomenon for the wood creep in the reinforced glued wooden structures

et al. 2018

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For the composite structures based on wood, that include reinforced wooden structures, allowance for the influence of wood specific features as a building material allows us to evaluate its structural design as accurately as possible and ensure the required reliability and durability. Creep that causes wood deformations evolving in time can be referred to the specific properties of wood to a greater extent affecting the operation of the reinforced wooden structures. Taking into account the state of the issue to determine the effect of the long-acting loads on the stress-strain state of the reinforced glued wooden structures, the article considers the application of the theory of elastic heredity as the most applicable to assess the deformability of wooden structures in time. The conducted experimental and theoretical investigations and the reinforced glued wooden structures observations during the operational process have shown that their stress-strain state changes significantly under the load over time. Glue compositions used to connect reinforcement with wood ensure their reliable joint operation, however, as the result of the wood creep where wood is the basic material, the redistribution of forces between the reinforcement and wood occurs there on and off. At the same time normal stresses in the reinforcement and the glue joint “reinforcement - wood” increase in the calculated cross sections while they decrease in the wood, which is caused by a change (decrease) in the wood elastic modulus. Allowance for the wood creep in the design of the reinforced wooden structures will allow to determine the stress - strain state of the structure in the design more precisely. Therefore, when developing the reinforced wooden structures design standards, this factor must be taken into account.

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Cross laminated timber

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Elastic response of cross-laminated timber panels using finite element and analytical techniques

Elastic response of cross-laminated timber panels using finite element and analytical techniques

Comparative Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Performance of Reinforced Concrete and Timber Stadiums—A Case Study in China

The phenomenon for the wood creep in the reinforced glued wooden structures

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