Cross-Kingdom RNAi of Pathogen Effectors Leads to Quantitative Adult Plant Resistance in Wheat

Schaefer, Luisa Katharina; Parlange, Francis; Buchmann, Gabriele; Jung, Esther; Wehrli, Andreas; Herren, Gerhard; Müller, Marion; Stehlin, Jonas; Schmid, Rudi; Wicker, Thomas; Keller, Beat; Bourras, Salim

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00253

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Pests and pathogens have conserved virulence mechanisms across host species, and the interaction mechanisms with multiple host plants often share commonalities. The knowledge from RNAi studies, such as targeting the fungal effector and RNAi fungal machinery of Botrytis cinerea ( Wang et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2017b ), the tubulin of Drosophila suzukii ( Taning et al., 2016 ) and host plant’s housekeeping genes in wheat against powdery mildew fungus ( Schaefer et al., 2020 ) should be adopted in fruit trees. Botrytis and powdery mildew are significant pathogens in many fruit trees, such as cherry, apple, and grapevine.…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene-free genome editing and RNAi ectopic application in fruit trees: Potential and limitations

Gouthu

Mandelli²,

Eubanks³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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For the past fifteen years, significant research advances in sequencing technology have led to a substantial increase in fruit tree genomic resources and databases with a massive number of OMICS datasets (transcriptomic, proteomics, metabolomics), helping to find associations between gene(s) and performance traits. Meanwhile, new technology tools have emerged for gain- and loss-of-function studies, specifically in gene silencing and developing tractable plant models for genetic transformation. Additionally, innovative and adapted transformation protocols have optimized genetic engineering in most fruit trees. The recent explosion of new gene-editing tools allows for broadening opportunities for functional studies in fruit trees. Yet, the fruit tree research community has not fully embraced these new technologies to provide large-scale genome characterizations as in cereals and other staple food crops. Instead, recent research efforts in the fruit trees appear to focus on two primary translational tools: transgene-free gene editing via Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery and the ectopic application of RNA-based products in the field for crop protection. The inherent nature of the propagation system and the long juvenile phase of most fruit trees are significant justifications for the first technology. The second approach might have the public favor regarding sustainability and an eco-friendlier environment for a crop production system that could potentially replace the use of chemicals. Regardless of their potential, both technologies still depend on the foundational knowledge of gene-to-trait relationships generated from basic genetic studies. Therefore, we will discuss the status of gene silencing and DNA-based gene editing techniques for functional studies in fruit trees followed by the potential and limitations of their translational tools (RNP delivery and RNA-based products) in the context of crop production.

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Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene-free genome editing and RNAi ectopic application in fruit trees: Potential and limitations

Gouthu

Mandelli²,

Eubanks³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“… Schaefer et al (2020) created stable transgenic wheat lines for HIGS against the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici .…”

Section: Host-induced Gene Silencing-based Protection Of Plants From ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA-based plant protection against diseases

Bilir¹,

Göl

Hong

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant diseases cause significant decreases in yield and quality of crops and consequently pose a very substantial threat to food security. In the continuous search for environmentally friendly crop protection, exploitation of RNA interferance machinery is showing promising results. It is well established that small RNAs (sRNAs) including microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are involved in the regulation of gene expression via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional RNA silencing. sRNAs from host plants can enter into pathogen cells during invasion and silence pathogen genes. This process has been exploited through Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS), in which plant transgenes that produce sRNAs are engineered to silence pest and pathogen genes. Similarly, exogenously applied sRNAs can enter pest and pathogen cells, either directly or via the hosts, and silence target genes. This process has been exploited in Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS). Here, we focus on the role of sRNAs and review how they have recently been used against various plant pathogens through HIGS or SIGS-based methods and discuss advantages and drawbacks of these approaches.

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“…In wheat, host induced silencing of pathogen ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) genes by wheat sRNAs enhances quantitative plant resistance ( Schaefer et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, wheat was shown to use sRNAs to regulate its own endogenous defence genes in response to the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici ( Ma et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Plant Host Srnas Role In Bacterial and Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do small RNAs unlock the below ground microbiome-plant interaction mystery?

Regmi

Penton²,

Anderson³

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Over the past few decades, regulatory RNAs, such as small RNAs (sRNAs), have received increasing attention in the context of host-microbe interactions due to their diverse roles in controlling various biological processes in eukaryotes. In addition, studies have identified an increasing number of sRNAs with novel functions across a wide range of bacteria. What is not well understood is why cells regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms rather than at the initiation of transcription. The finding of a multitude of sRNAs and their identified associated targets has allowed further investigation into the role of sRNAs in mediating gene regulation. These foundational data allow for further development of hypotheses concerning how a precise control of gene activity is accomplished through the combination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Recently, sRNAs have been reported to participate in interkingdom communication and signalling where sRNAs originating from one kingdom are able to target or control gene expression in another kingdom. For example, small RNAs of fungal pathogens that silence plant genes and vice-versa plant sRNAs that mediate bacterial gene expression. However, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding sRNA-based inter-kingdom signalling across more than two interacting organisms. A habitat that provides an excellent opportunity to investigate interconnectivity is the plant rhizosphere, a multifaceted ecosystem where plants and associated soil microbes are known to interact. In this paper, we discuss how the interconnectivity of bacteria, fungi, and plants within the rhizosphere may be mediated by bacterial sRNAs with a particular focus on disease suppressive and non-suppressive soils. We discuss the potential roles sRNAs may play in the below-ground world and identify potential areas of future research, particularly in reference to the regulation of plant immunity genes by bacterial and fungal communities in disease-suppressive and non-disease-suppressive soils.

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Cross-Kingdom RNAi of Pathogen Effectors Leads to Quantitative Adult Plant Resistance in Wheat

Cited by 32 publications

References 65 publications

Transgene-free genome editing and RNAi ectopic application in fruit trees: Potential and limitations

Transgene-free genome editing and RNAi ectopic application in fruit trees: Potential and limitations

Small RNA-based plant protection against diseases

Do small RNAs unlock the below ground microbiome-plant interaction mystery?

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