Cross Inoculation With Cowpea and Soybean Nodule Bacteria

Sears, O. H.; Carroll, William R.

doi:10.1097/00010694-192712000-00003

Cited by 17 publications

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“…We report that several of the R japonicum-siratro and R japonicum-cowpea combinations form effective symbioses, which reduced acetylene and evolved hydrogen at diverse rates. Both rhizobia groups nodulate the representative host of the other group (9,12,20,22), but details of the physiology of these symbioses have not previously been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of the Physiology of Symbioses Formed by Rhizobium japonicum with Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, and Macroptilium atropurpurem

Keyser¹,

Berkum²,

Weber³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Although Rhizobisum japoniewn nodulates Viga --g icula an Macroptium arpwpwem , little is known about the physiology of these symbioses. In this study, strains of R. japonicum of varying effectiveness on soybean were examined. The nonhomologous hosts were nodulated by all the strains tested, but effectiveness was not related to that of the homologous host. On siratro, compared to soybean, many strains reversed their relative effectiveness ranking. Both siratro and cowpea produced more dry matter with standard cowpea rhizobia CB756 and 176A22 than with the strains of R. japonum. Strains USDA33 and USDA74 were more effective with siratro and cowpea than with soybean. The strain USDA122 expressed high rates of hydrogenase activity in symbiosis with the cowpea as well as the soybean host. The strains USDA61 and USDA74 expressed low levels of hydrogenase activty in symbiosis with cowpea, but no activity was found with soybean. Our results indicate host influence for the expression of hydrogenase activity, and suggest the possibility of host influence of nitrogenase for the allocation of electrons to N2 and H+.Rhizobium japonicum forms a N2-fixing symbiosis with Glycine max L. Merr. (soybean), but these bacteria also nodulate Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and Macroptilium atropurpurem (siratro) (12,20,22). However, symbiotic characteristics with these nonhomologous hosts have been investigated in detail with only few strains of A japonicum. Strain-dependent hydrogen evolution and hydrogenase activity by R. japonicum in symbiosis with soybean has been reported (18,19), but these characters have not been studied with other legumes as hosts. Our objectives were to investigate the legume host-A japonicum strain interactions for nodulation, effectiveness, acetylene reduction, hydrogen evolution, and hydrogenase activity in soybean, cowpea, and siratro. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Material. Seed of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cv 'Bragg', 'Clark', 'Hood', 'Kent', 'Lee', and 'Roanoke'; cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cv 'Cardinal', 'Black Eye-5', 'Pinkeye Purple Hull', 'Queen Anne', and 'Suneto'; and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpurem) were surface sterilized with acidified 0.1% (w/v) HgC12 (24) for 3 min and washed 10 times with sterile distilled H20. Surface sterile seed was sown in sand or vermiculite moistened with 100 ml of a N-free nutrient solution (14) in modified Leonard jars (12) sterilized with steam for 4 h. Each jar was inoculated with approximately 109 cells of Rhizobium, which had been grown in yeast-mannitol-salts broth (24) for 7 d. The strains of R japonicum used were obtained from the USDA Rhizobium Collection at Beltsville. These strains were originally isolated from soybean root nodules and have been described (1 1). These strains were chosen for their wide range in effectiveness on soybean. Strains of Rhizobium 'cowpea miscellany' CB756 and 176A22 were used as controls with siratro and cowpea. Soybean and cowpea (four per jar) and siratro (six per jar) were grown in a greenhouse without artificial ligh...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(soybean), but these bacteria also nodulate Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and Macroptilium atropurpurem (siratro) (12,20,22). However, symbiotic characteristics with these nonhomologous hosts have been investigated in detail with only few strains of A japonicum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Physiology of Symbioses Formed by Rhizobium japonicum with Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, and Macroptilium atropurpurem

Keyser¹,

Berkum²,

Weber³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…Available information, however, indicates that Bradyrhizobium spp. in general do not nodulate North American soybean genotypes (Leonard, 1923 ;Sears & Carroll, 1926). Other reports suggest that the bradyrhizobia which nodulate TGx soybeans are unique populations within the Bradyrhizobium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates nodulating the new soybean cultivars in Africa are diverse and distinct from bradyrhizobia that nodulate North American soybeans.

Abaidoo¹,

Keyser²,

Singleton³

et al. 2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…B. japonicum isolates also form effective (i.e. nitrogen-fixing) nodules on cowpea and siratro (Macroptelium atropurpureum) (16,20,26). Keyser et al (16) analyzed nodulation of these three hosts by several strains of B. japonicum and found significant differences in nodule effectiveness and hydrogenase activity in the nodules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Nodule Initiation in Cowpea and Soybean

Bhuvaneswari

Lesniak²,

Bauer³

1988

Plant Physiol.

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When serial dilutions of a suspension of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 138 were inoculated onto both soybean and cowpea roots, the formation of nodules in the initially susceptible region of the roots of both hosts was found to be linearly dependent on the log of the inoculum dosage until an optimum dosage was reached. Approximately 30-to 100-fold higher dosages were required to elicit half-maximal nodulation on cowpea than on soybean in the initially susceptible zone of the root. However, at optimal dosages, about six times as many nodules formed in this region on cowpea roots than on soybean roots. There was no appreciable difference in the apparent rate of nodule initiation on these two hosts nor in the number of inoculum bacteria in contact with the root. These results are consistent with the possibility that cowpea roots have a substantially higher threshold of response to symbiotic signals from the bacteria than do soybean roots. Storage ofB.japonicum cells in distilled water for several weeks did not affect their viability or efficiency of nodule initiation on soybean. However, the nodulation efficiency of these same cells on cowpea diminished markedly over a 2 week period. These differential effects of water storage indicate that at least some aspects of signal production by the bacteria during nodule initiation are different on the two hosts. Mutants of B. japonicum 138 defective in synthesis of soybean lectin binding polysaccharide were defective in their efficiency of nodule initiation on soybean but not on cowpea. These results also suggest that B. japonicum may produce different substances to initiate nodules on these two hosts.Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium are soil bacteria able to symbiotically infect and nodulate a wide diversity of legumes, reducing atmospheric nitrogen in these nodules to ammonia for the plant in exchange for fixed carbon (1,12

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Cross Inoculation With Cowpea and Soybean Nodule Bacteria

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparative Study of the Physiology of Symbioses Formed by Rhizobium japonicum with Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, and Macroptilium atropurpurem

A Comparative Study of the Physiology of Symbioses Formed by Rhizobium japonicum with Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, and Macroptilium atropurpurem

Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates nodulating the new soybean cultivars in Africa are diverse and distinct from bradyrhizobia that nodulate North American soybeans.

Efficiency of Nodule Initiation in Cowpea and Soybean

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