Cross-infection in hospital due to <i>Salmonella derby</i>

Rubbo, Sydney D.

doi:10.1017/s002217240003624x

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…derby, were isolated from children's tonsils (Varela & Olarte, 1942), a fact of epidemiological significance. Salmonella organisms have been also found in lymphatic nodes (Varela & Olarte, 1944) (Rubbo, 1948). It is worth noting that in this outbreak a large number of human carriers of Salm.…”

Section: Identification Of Salmonella Derbymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…However, the majority of patients contracting infection subsequent to these initial cases were infants admitted for causes other than gastroenteritis. Although separate foci of infection might have existed outside the hospital at the time of the outbreak, no correlation ofcontact could be detected in the initial phase, and the evidence presented separately (Rubbo, 1948) strongly suggests that most of the children developed gastro-enteritis while patients in the hospital.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thus it was demonstrated that the infective agent, Salmonella derby, was present in ward dust, in a mouse caught in the ward and on a ward towel. The significance of this distribution in regard to the direct or indirect contamination of food in the wards is discussed separately (Rubbo, 1948).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An outbreak of gastro-enteritis due toSalmonella derby

Mushin

1948

J. Hyg.

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1. An outbreak ofSalmonella derby, involving sixty-eight patients, is described.2. The organism was isolated from clinical cases, from carriers and also from dust in the wards, from a mouse and from a hand towel used by nurses.3. The value of tetrathionate broth with subsequent cultivation on ‘SS’ agar as an aid to isolation ofSalmonellabacilli was confirmed.4. Cultural and biochemical characters ofSalm. derbywere recorded.5. The antigenic structure of the isolated strains ofSalm. derbywas demonstrated, showing the presence of factorland the absence of a minor flagellar antigen.6. A serological response toSalm. derbyinfection was shown in patients, their sera containing H antibodies of a titre 1/20 to 1/320, whereas O agglutinins were absent at the time the tests were made.7. Pathogenicity tests were performed on mice indicating the possibility of infectionper osor by intraperitoneal injections. Mice were found to be potential faecal and urinary carriers.

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Section: Identification Of Salmonella Derbymentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 83%

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An outbreak of gastro-enteritis due toSalmonella derby

Mushin

1948

J. Hyg.

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“…fomites, dust and surfaces, which can act as secondary reservoirs (Rubbo, 1948;Parker, 1954;Bate & James, 1958;Rowe, Giles & Brown, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The survival of salmonellas on finger-tips and transfer of the organisms to foods

Pether

Gilbert

1971

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe survival of salmonellas on the finger-tips is considered with reference to the ease with which they can be transferred to food by handling.Escherichia coli and several Salmonella serotypes were shown to survive on the finger-tips for various periods of time, for example, S. anatum could be recovered 3 hr. after artificially contaminating them with between 500 and 2000 organisms. S. anatum could also be recovered from the finger-tips after contaminating them with more than 6000 organisms followed by a 15 sec. hand-wash 10 min. later. Similarly, the survivors from minimal inocula of less than 100 S. anatum/finger-tip were, after 10 min., still capable of infecting samples of corned beef and ham. E. coli was isolated from the finger-tips of 13 of 110 butchers soon after they had left the meat line at a meat products factory, but was not detected on the finger-tips of 100 volunteers at the Central Public Health Laboratory.The implications of the present findings to the spread of salmonellas from raw to cooked foods, and the relevance of this to outbreaks of Salmonella infection in the general population and in hospitals, are discussed.

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“…These findings differ from mine in the few cases of Salmonella infection I have investigated, but it may be that my patients were not excreting so many organisms. Rubbo (1948) and Mushin (1948) also proved that there had been cross-infection between wards; infection in one ward was definitely responsible for infection in three other wards, possibly also in a fourth. This again is not in agreement with my findings, and it may be that the absence of animal vectors in the Birmingham Children's Hospital accounts for this discrepancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The spread of infantile gastro-enteritis in a cubicled ward

Rogers

1951

Epidemiol. Infect.

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The type strains ofBact. coli, described by Bray (1945), Giles & Sangster (1948), Gileset al.(1949), Tayloret al.(1949), Smith (1949) and Rogers (1951b), because of their very intimate association with epidemic infantile gastro-enteritis, have been used as indicator organisms to show that the method of cross-infection of epidemic gastro-enteritis is very like that of the cross-infection of burns.It has been shown how a cubicle becomes widely contaminated within 18 hr. and that type strains ofBact. coliwill remain viable in dust for at least 27 days. Communal articles used throughout a ward are blamed for the inter-cubicle spread in a divided ward.The intimate association of the α- and β-types ofBact. coliwith outbreaks of gastro-enteritis is demonstrated, and figures are given to show how these outbreaks prolong the patient's stay in hospital and waste valuable hospital space.

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Cross-infection in hospital due to Salmonella derby

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

An outbreak of gastro-enteritis due toSalmonella derby

An outbreak of gastro-enteritis due toSalmonella derby

The survival of salmonellas on finger-tips and transfer of the organisms to foods

The spread of infantile gastro-enteritis in a cubicled ward

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