Cross-industry standard test method developments: from manufacturing to wearable robots

Bostelman, Roger V.; Messina, Elena R.; Foufou, Sebti

doi:10.1631/fitee.1601316

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…One example is the Robo‐Mate industrial exoskeleton project aimed sponsored by the European Commission which was aimed at development of an industrial robot that can reduce WMSDs from MMH tasks . These types of studies have helped the standards developing organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and ASTM International actively advance safety standards for exoskeletons …”

Section: Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major types of industrial exoskeletons can be distinguished . An “active” exoskeleton can be powered through actuators such as electric motors, pneumatics, hydraulics, or a combination of these technologies, and is often referred to as a “robotic exoskeleton.” Natural human movement powers a “passive” exoskeleton through springs and counterbalance forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research

Howard

Murashov

Lowe

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

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Exoskeleton devices are being introduced across several industry sectors to augment, amplify, or reinforce the performance of a worker's existing body components-primarily the lower back and the upper extremity. Industrial exoskeletons may play a role in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders arising from lifting and handling heavy materials or from supporting heavy tools in overhead work. However, wearing an exoskeleton may pose a number of risks that are currently not well-studied. There are only a few studies about the safety and health implications of wearable exoskeletons and most of those studies involve only a small number of participants. Before the widespread implementation of industrial exoskeletons occurs, there is need for prospective interventional studies to evaluate the safety and health effectiveness of exoskeletons across various industry sectors. Developing a research strategy to fill current safety and health knowledge gaps, understanding the benefits, risks, and barriers to adoption of industrial exoskeletons, determining whether exoskeleton can be considered a type of personal protective equipment, and advancing consensus standards that address exoskeleton safety, should be major interests of both the occupational safety and health research and practice communities. K E Y W O R D S exoskeleton, human augmentation, intervention effectiveness, PPE

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Section: Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research

Howard

Murashov

Lowe

et al. 2019

American J Industrial Med

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“…For example, the roughness of the surface of an injection molded part needs to reach the precision of the mirror grade. [11][12][13] Then, the structured surface roughness of the corresponding precision injection mold will be at least 1-2 magnitude higher to meet the requirements. [14][15][16] Therefore, taking the structured surface as a research object and then performing new approaches of mold structured surface finishing are of great significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasonic-assisted soft abrasive flow processing method for mold structured surfaces

Zhu

2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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As a fluid-based precise processing method, soft abrasive flow processing has been widely used in advanced electromechanical systems, complex mold manufacturing, and other engineering fields. Because of the low volume fraction of abrasive particles and micro-force/cutting removal characteristics, there exists a potential improvement in terms of processing efficiency and uniformity. In view of the above problems, this article presents an ultrasonic-assisted soft abrasive flow processing method. Based on the realizable k–ε turbulence model and the mixture flow model, an ultrasonic coupling enhancement dynamic model for soft abrasive flow is set up, and the kinetic energy transport equation of realizable k–ε turbulence model can be revised. Using particle image velocimetry technology, an on-line observation experimental platform for ultrasonic-assisted soft abrasive flow is developed to conduct the real-time acquisition of abrasive flow state and particle distribution in a constrained flow passage. An ultrasonic-assisted soft abrasive flow processing experimental platform is established to complete the processing experiment. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic excitation vibration can effectively enhance the turbulence intensity and distribution uniformity of the abrasive flow, the average processing time can be shortened by more than 6 h, and a better surface quality can be obtained.

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“…[14] Specifically, the E54.09 Subcommittee-developed Standard Test Method Suite for Evaluating Emergency Response Robot Capabilities focuses on measuring capabilities of robots with respect to mobility, energy/power, radio communication, durability, logistics, safety, human-system interaction (HSI), sensors, and autonomy, although most response robots are teleoperated. [15] This suite of standards can provide cross-industry test methods that may apply to wearable robots and passive systems. Below are the potentially relevant standards (noted by "ASTM"), working documents under development (i.e., indicated by 'WK' prior to a number), and planned standards for future development that may also apply to exoskeletons:…”

Section: Response Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test methods for exoskeletons—lessons learned from industrial and response robotics

2018

Wearable Exoskeleton Systems: Design, Control and Applications

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Exoskeletons are devices that can assist the human wearer's limbs to provide functional, normal, or amplified human capabilities. Research on exoskeletons has dramatically increased recently. However, measurements of these devices have yet to show long-term safety and other effects on humans. Safety standards now allow, through risk assessment, both manufacturing and wearable robots to be used, although performance standards for both systems are still lacking. Much can be learned from industrial and response robot safety and performance research and standards activities that can cross over into the exoskeleton arena. For example, ongoing research to develop standard test methods to assess performance of manufacturing robots and emergency response robots can inspire similar test methods for exoskeletons. This chapter first lists exoskeleton performance metrics and standards for collaborative industrial robots, response robots, and also physical assistance robots (i.e., exoskeletons). Then it describes measurements of joint axis rotation location using an industrial robot simulating a human arm, as well as mobile manipulator and response robot test method developments that could also apply to exoskeletons. These methods and others are then integrated into recommendations for exoskeleton test methods.

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Cross-industry standard test method developments: from manufacturing to wearable robots

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research

Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research

An ultrasonic-assisted soft abrasive flow processing method for mold structured surfaces

Test methods for exoskeletons—lessons learned from industrial and response robotics

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