Cross generation plasticity in cold hardiness is associated with diapause, but not the non-diapause developmental pathway, in the blowfly, <i>Calliphora vicina</i>

Coleman, Paul; Bale, J. S.; Hayward, Scott A. L.

doi:10.1242/jeb.098053

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Both F0 and F1 treatment conditions contributed to changes in phenotypic response different temperature conditions. This result is consistent with recent evidence that maternal effects have trans-generational consequences (Coleman et al 2014;Olof and McNamara 2015). Nevertheless, neonates in the unpredictable temperature treatment that were produced by mothers also in the unpredictable temperature treatment did not have greater estimates of within-variance than neonates from the other temperature treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Maternal response to environmental unpredictability

Barbosa

Lopes

Venâncio

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Mothers are expected to use environmental cues to modify maternal investment to optimize their fitness. However, when the environment varies unpredictably, cues may not be an accurate proxy of future conditions. Under such circumstances, selection favors a diversifying maternal investment strategy. While there is evidence that the environment is becoming more uncertain, the extent to which mothers are able to respond to this unpredictability is generally unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that Daphnia magna increase the variance in maternal investment in response to unpredictable variation in temperature consistent with global change predictions. We detected significant variability across temperature treatments in brood size, neonate size at birth, and time between broods. The estimated variability within‐brood size was higher (albeit not statistically significant) in mothers reared in unpredictable temperature conditions. We also detected a cross‐generational effect with the temperature history of mothers modulating the phenotypic response of F1's. Notably, our results diverged from the prediction that increased variability poses a greater risk to organisms than changes in mean temperature. Increased unpredictability in temperature had negligible effects on fitness‐correlated traits. Mothers in the unpredictable treatment, survived as long, and produced as many F1's during lifetime as those produced in the most fecund treatment. Further, increased unpredictability in temperature did not affect the probability of survival of F1's. Collectively, we provide evidence that daphnia respond effectively to thermal unpredictability. But rather than increasing the variance in maternal investment, daphnia respond to uncertainty by being a jack of all temperatures, master of none. Importantly, our study highlights the essential need to examine changes in variances rather than merely on means, when investigating maternal responses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Maternal response to environmental unpredictability

Barbosa

Lopes

Venâncio

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Moreover, given that individuals were collected in early autumn and that SCP and low lethal temperatures of insects in temperate regions are proportional with seasonal air temperature in the wild it is evident that the cold hardiness of P. operculella will further increase (Carillo & Cannon, 2005;Ma et al, 2006;Andreadis et al, 2008Andreadis et al, , 2011Soudi & Moharramipour, 2011). Likewise, Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy adults exposed to warmer autumn conditions during diapause induction produced larvae with a reduced cold hardiness capacity, which could negatively impact winter survival (Coleman et al, 2014). Adults of Ophraella communa LeSage displayed lower SCPs when parents experienced lower temperatures compared to beetles emerging from parents that experienced room temperatures (Zhou et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella

Andreadis

Poulia

Noukari

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study, we investigated the cold hardiness profile of acclimated and non-acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. For both acclimated and non-acclimated individuals mean supercooling point (SCP) did not differ significantly among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5°C for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2-h exposure. Median lethal temperature (LT 50 ) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa, and adult) decreased after acclimation, nevertheless only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non-acclimated individuals concerning their LT 50 (À11.1 and À8.3°C, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold-tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, whereas late instars were the least cold tolerant. Non-freezing injury above the SCP was well-documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre-freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness relative to habitat temperatures, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and pest outbreaks may take place following a mild winter.

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“…Many investigations of insect cold tolerance begin with preliminary measurements of the SCP because this provides an anchor point about which the cold tolerance strategy can be determined: an initial step is to determine whether insects survive freezing or not (see Section 3.1). Additionally, changes in the SCP with treatment (Coleman et al, 2014). Because the SCP does not necessarily equate to cold-hardiness, it must be interpreted with caution, and in many cases has limited ecological relevance (Bale, 1987;Baust and Rojas, 1985;Renault et al, 2002).…”

Section: Measuring Supercooling Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Sinclair

Alvarado

Ferguson

2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

297

326

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Insect performance is limited by the temperature of the environment, and in temperate, polar, and alpine regions, the majority of insects must face the challenge of exposure to low temperatures. The physiological response to cold exposure shapes the ability of insects to survive and thrive in these environments, and can be measured, without great technical difficulty, for both basic and applied research. For example, understanding insect cold tolerance allows us to predict the establishment and spread of insect pests and biological control agents. Additionally, the discipline provides the tools for drawing physiological comparisons among groups in wider studies that may not be focused primarily on the ability of insects to survive the cold. Thus, the study of insect cold tolerance is of a broad interest, and several reviews have addressed the theories and advances in the field. Here, however, we aim to clarify and provide rationale for common practices used to study cold tolerance, as a starter's guide for newcomers to the field, students, and those wishing to incorporate cold tolerance into a broader study. We cover the 'tried and true' measures of insect cold tolerance, the equipment necessary for these measurement, and summarize the ecological and biological significance of each. Additionally, we provide a suggested framework and workflow for measuring cold tolerance and low temperature performance in insects.

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Cross generation plasticity in cold hardiness is associated with diapause, but not the non-diapause developmental pathway, in the blowfly, Calliphora vicina

Cited by 28 publications

References 84 publications

Maternal response to environmental unpredictability

Maternal response to environmental unpredictability

Cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

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