Cross-Education for Improving Strength and Mobility After Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Magnus, Charlene R.A.; Arnold, Catherine M.; Johnston, Geoffrey; Bello-Haas, Vanina Dal; Basran, Jenny; Krentz, Joel R.; Farthing, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.03.005

Cited by 89 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has also been suggested that strength training of the non-fractured limb in individuals who suffered a distal radius fracture increases both strength and range of motion of the fractured limb at 12 weeks post fracture (Magnus et al, 2013). Despite all these findings, this phenomenon may be unidirectional.…”

Section: 52: Cross Educationmentioning

confidence: 43%

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Philpott

Pearcey

Forman

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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The objective of this thesis was to examine how chronic resistance training influences corticospinal excitability (CE) of the Biceps Brachii in the non-dominant arm. Seven chronic resistance trained (RT) and six non-resistance trained (NRT) completed four sets of five s pseudo-randomized contractions at 100,90,75,50 and 25% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the contractions, participants received transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transmastoid electrical stimulation (TMES) and peripheral nerve stimulation to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEP), cervicomedullary evoked potentials (CMEP) and maximal muscle compound action potentials (Mmax) respectively. All MEPs and CMEPs were normalized to Mmax. CMEPs were found to be significantly higher at moderate contraction intensities in the RT group. Results indicate that spinal, but not supraspinal excitability is enhanced at moderate contraction intensities in chronic resistance trained individuals.ii

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Section: 52: Cross Educationmentioning

confidence: 43%

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Philpott

Pearcey

Forman

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Mirror training is used in the treatment of chronic pain conditions (Bowering et al 2013) and to improve motor function after stroke (Thieme et al 2012). Somewhat surprisingly, recent work without a mirror showed that strength training of the unaffected limb is beneficial for the recovery of the impaired limb after stroke (Clark and Patten 2013;Dragert andZehr 2011, 2013), wrist fractures (Magnus et al 2013), and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery (Papandreou et al 2013). The performance improvement in the contralateral homologous muscle of the nontrained limb following a period of effortful unilateral motor practice is referred to as cross-education (Farthing et al 2007;Hortobagyi 2005;Munn et al 2004;Zhou 2000), but there may be additional clinical benefits from the hypothesis that unilateral strength training with a mirror could augment the crosseducation of muscle strength (Howatson et al 2013;Zult et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions

Zult

Goodall

Thomas

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Forceful, unilateral contractions modulate corticomotor paths targeting the resting, contralateral hand. However, it is unknown whether mirror-viewing of a slowly moving but forcefully contracting hand would additionally affect these paths. Here we examined corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) of the right-ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy young adults under no-mirror and mirror conditions at rest and during right wrist flexion at 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the no-mirror conditions neither hand was visible, whereas in the mirror conditions participants looked at the right hand's reflection in the mirror. Corticospinal excitability increased during contractions in the left flexor carpi radialis (FCR) (contraction 0.41 mV vs. rest 0.21 mV) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) (contraction 0.56 mV vs. rest 0.39 mV), but there was no mirror effect (FCR: P ϭ 0.743, p 2 ϭ 0.005; ECR: P ϭ 0.712, p 2 ϭ 0.005). However, mirror-viewing of the contracting and moving wrist attenuated SICI relative to test pulse in the left FCR by ϳ9% compared with the other conditions (P Ͻ 0.05, d Ն 0.62). Electromyographic activity in the resting left hand prior to stimulation was not affected by the mirror (FCR: P ϭ 0.255, p 2 ϭ 0.049; ECR: P ϭ 0.343, p 2 ϭ 0.035) but increased twofold during contractions. Thus viewing the moving hand in the mirror and not just the mirror image of the nonmoving hand seems to affect motor cortical inhibitory networks in the M1 associated with the mirror image. Future studies should determine whether the use of a mirror could increase interlimb transfer produced by cross-education, especially in patient groups with unilateral orthopedic and neurological conditions.

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“…The clinical efficacy of cross-education has been examined in studies of immobilization Magnus et al 2010;Pearce et al 2012), wrist fracture (Magnus et al 2013) and more recently in stroke (Dragert and Zehr 2013). However, to optimise the clinical benefits of cross-education, exploring the spatial effects is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ipsilateral corticomotor responses are confined to the homologous muscle following cross-education of muscular strength

Mason

Frazer

Horvath³

et al. 2018

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.) men, aged 18-35 years; training group; n = 10 and control group; n = 10) before and after 3-weeks of strengthtraining the right biceps brachii at 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM). Recruitment-curves for corticomotor excitability and inhibition of the untrained homologous and non-homologous muscle were constructed and assessed by examining the area under the recruitment curve (AURC). Strength-training increased strength of the trained elbow flexors (29%), resulting in a 18% increase in contralateral strength of the untrained elbow flexors (P <0.0001). The trained wrist flexors increased by 19%, resulting in a 12% increase in strength of the untrained wrist flexors (P = 0.005). TMS showed increased corticomotor excitability and decreased corticomotor inhibition for the untrained homologous muscle (P < 0.05); however, there were no changes in the untrained non-homologous muscle (P > 0.05). These findings show that the cross-education of muscular strength is spatially distributed; however, the neural adaptations are confined to the motor pathway ipsilateral to the untrained homologous agonist.

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Cross-Education for Improving Strength and Mobility After Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 89 publications

References 25 publications

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Chronic resistance training enhances the spinal excitability of the biceps brachii in the non-dominant arm at moderate contraction intensities

Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions

Ipsilateral corticomotor responses are confined to the homologous muscle following cross-education of muscular strength

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