Cross-Cultural Validity and Reliability Testing of a Standard Psychiatric Assessment Instrument without a Gold Standard

Bolton, Paul

doi:10.1097/00005053-200104000-00005

Cited by 199 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Kaharuza et al identified a 47% prevalence rate of reported depressive symptoms among persons with HIV infection in Eastern Uganda (Kaharuza et al 2006). A communitybased survey in a high HIV prevalence area in Southwest Uganda found a 24.4% prevalence of depression (Bolton 2001). Our study identified a prevalence of depressive symptoms of 18.8% and a substantial proportion (7.4%) reported suicidal thoughts "quite a bit" or "extremely" suggesting severe depression in these individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…The DSHSCL is a 15-item Likert scale that measures symptoms of depression according to the criteria set by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The DSHSCL has been used extensively worldwide in a variety of populations, including refugees (Mollica et al 1987), migrants (McKelvey et al 1993a, b;Mouanoutoua and Brown 1995), and HIVpositive persons in Africa (Kaaya et al 2002), including Southwestern Uganda (Bolton 2001). The DSHSCL has been shown to be valid, reliable, and culturally relevant in these settings (Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms and the Receipt of Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwest Uganda

et al. 2007

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Alcohol use and depressive symptoms are associated with reduced access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the developed world. Whether alcohol use and depressive symptoms limit access to ART in resource-limited settings is unknown. This cross-sectional study examined the association between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and the receipt of ART among randomly selected HIVpositive persons presenting for primary health care services at an outpatient HIV clinic in Uganda. Depressive symptoms were defined by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and alcohol use was measured through frequency of consumption questions. Antiretroviral use was assessed using a standardized survey and confirmed by medical record review. Predictors of ART use were determined via logistic regression. Among 421 HIV-infected patients, factors associated with the receipt of ART were having at least primary education, having an opportunistic infection in the last 3 months, and not drinking within the last year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms and the Receipt of Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwest Uganda

et al. 2007

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“…Further, welldesigned studies demonstrating beneficial patient outcomes are lacking (with no data in low and middle-income countries) even though research supports application by non-physicians and community health workers. 34,35 Despite the strengths of the WHO's PPGHC study, its major limitation is that only diagnostic sensitivity was reported and no information on specificity or overall accuracy was recorded. Therefore, this study's aim was to summarise international rates of recognition of depression by pooling smaller-scale studies that incorporated both sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

International comparison of clinicians' ability to identify depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression of predictors

Mitchell¹,

Rao²,

Vaze³

2011

Br J Gen Pract

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A meta-analysis of unassisted clinical diagnoses against semi-structured interviews. MethodA systematic literature search, critical appraisal, and pooled analysis were conducted and 25 international studies were identified involving 8917 individuals. A minimum of three independent studies per country were required to aid extrapolation. ResultsClinicians in the Netherlands performed best at case finding (the ability to rule in cases of depression with minimal false positives) (AUC+ 0.735) and this was statistically significantly better than the ability of clinicians in Australia (AUC+ 0.622) and the US (AUC+ 0.653), who were the worst performers. Clinicians from Italy had intermediate case-finding abilities. Regarding screening (the ability to rule out cases of no depression with minimal false negatives) there were no strong differences. Looking at overall accuracy, primary care physicians in Italy and the Netherlands were most successful in their diagnoses and physicians from the US and Australia least successful (83.5%, 81.9%, 74.3%, and 67.0%, respectively). GPs in the UK appeared to have the lowest ability to detect depression, as a proportion of all cases of depression (45.6%; 95% CI = 27.7% to 64.2%). Several factors influenced detection accuracy including: collecting data on clinical outcomes; routinely comparing the clinical performance of staff; working in small practices; and having long waits to see a specialist. ConclusionAssuming these differences are representative, there appear to be international variations in the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose depression, but little differences in screening success. These might be explained by organisational factors.

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“…Third, HIV and many mental health issues, including violence, remain highly sensitive topics with weighty stigma attached to them. Qualitative research offers a rigorous and more useful method when investigating such sensitive topics.This article describes the first phase of a mixed-method approach including qualitative and quantitative methods (see Bolton, 2001;Bolton and Tang, 2002) to understand the relationship between HIV and mental health in Lusaka, Zambia. The two primary aims are (1) to determine the mental health issues that are important to the local population, and (2) to understand the local description of the issues including signs, symptoms, and causes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and Abuse Among HIV-Infected Women and Their Children in Zambia

Murray¹,

Haworth²,

Semrau³

et al. 2006

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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HIV and violence are two major public health problems increasingly shown to be connected and relevant to international mental health issues and HIV-related services. Qualitative research is important due to the dearth of literature on this association in developing countries, cultural influences on mental health syndromes and presentations, and the sensitive nature of the topic. The study presented in this paper sought to investigate the mental health issues of an HIV-affected population of women and children in Lusaka, Zambia, through a systematic qualitative study. Two qualitative methods resulted in the identification of three major problems for women: domestic violence (DV), depression-like syndrome, and alcohol abuse; and children: defilement, DV, and behavior problems. DV and sexual abuse were found to be closely linked to HIV and alcohol abuse. This study shows the local perspective of the overlap between violence and HIV. Results are discussed in relation to the need for violence and abuse to be addressed as HIV services are implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. KeywordsViolence/abuse; HIV/AIDS; qualitative; women; children There is growing evidence of the connection between HIV infection and domestic violence (DV) or interpersonal violence toward women and children (Dunkle et al., 2004;Koenig and Moore, 2000;Maman et al., 2000;Zierler and Krieger, 1997). Studies have reported that violence is highly prevalent in HIV-infected women (Cohen et al., 2000;Vlahov et al., 1998;Zierler et al., 1996). Researchers have proposed several hypotheses around this association. Some studies from the US and sub-Saharan Africa suggest that women who disclose HIV serostatus to partners may be at increased risk for violence (Gielen et al., 1997;Rothenberg et al., 1995;Temmerman et al., 1995 HIV were significantly more likely to have had a physically violent partner at some time, and to have experienced physical and/or sexual violence with a current partner (Maman et al., 2002). Another act of violence associated with increased HIV risk is child sexual abuse (CSA), where a higher proportion of CSA was found in HIV-positive women than in the general population (Koenig and Clark, 2004). Child sexual abuse often leads to substance use, multiple sexual partners, and/or a lack of self-protective behaviors, which are all risk factors for HIV infection (Wingood and DiClemente, 1997;Zierler et al., 1991). A review paper on the intersection between HIV and violence discusses the directions for future research, suggesting that qualitative research is needed to help describe the contextual factors that connect HIV and violence experienced in adulthood and childhood (Maman et al., 2000).This study investigates the mental health issues of an HIV-affected population of women and children in Lusaka, Zambia. This was designed as a systematic qualitative study for a number of reasons. First, there is a dearth of knowledge on cross-cultural conceptualization of mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa in general, and specifically rel...

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Cross-Cultural Validity and Reliability Testing of a Standard Psychiatric Assessment Instrument without a Gold Standard

Cited by 199 publications

References 11 publications

Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms and the Receipt of Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwest Uganda

Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms and the Receipt of Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwest Uganda

International comparison of clinicians' ability to identify depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression of predictors

Violence and Abuse Among HIV-Infected Women and Their Children in Zambia

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