Cross-cultural translation into Chinese and psychometric evaluation of a screening tool for nocturia: the Targeting the individual’s Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes (TANGO) questionnaire

Abstract

Introduction:We conducted translation and psychometric validation of a self-administered, 22-item dichotomous response-based questionnaire to identify nocturia aetiologies and co-morbidities in adult patients. Methods:The Targeting the individual's Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes (TANGO) questionnaire was forward-and backwardtranslated, then finalised using a standardised methodology. The resulting version, a Chinese version of the TANGO [TANGO (CV)], was evaluated for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity via responses from 65 participants (46 men and 19 women; mean age, 67 years, range, 50-88), in comparison with other validated questionnaires and a 4-day bladder/sleep diary.Results: Only 0.4% of responses were missing; 3% of participants required assistance with comprehension. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) coefficient for the whole tool was 0.711. Kappa values for individual domains and the whole tool varied from 0.871 to 0.866, indicating satisfactory test-retest reliability. There was strong agreement between the sum of positive responses to each domain and the whole tool (intra-class correlation coefficient=0.878-1.000). Modest correlations (ρ=0.4-0.6) were detected between the tool and bladder/sleep diary-based parameters for