Cross-Cultural Social and Organizational Psychology

Bond, Michael Harris; Smith, Peter B.

doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.205

Cited by 210 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Benlik konusunun ele alındığı birçok çalışmada benlik batılı bir kavramsallaştırmayla ele alınmış (Bond and Smith, 1996) ve bu çalışmalarda "özerklik" ve "ilişkisellik" zıt kutuplar olarak değerlendirilmiştir (Kağıtçıbaşı, 2005). Yakın zamanda araştırmacılar benlik kurguları ile ilgili farklı tanılamaya gitmiş; ikili benlik kurgusu yapısından daha ziyade üçlü benlik yapısı ön plana çıkmıştır.…”

Section: Benlik Kurgusuunclassified

Li̇se Öğrenci̇leri̇nde Psi̇koloji̇k Sağlamliğin Yordayicisi Olarak Benli̇k Kurgusu

Gündaş¹

2015

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Section: Benlik Kurgusuunclassified

Li̇se Öğrenci̇leri̇nde Psi̇koloji̇k Sağlamliğin Yordayicisi Olarak Benli̇k Kurgusu

Gündaş¹

2015

jisr

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“…One of the often-cited problems in the interpretation of cross-cultural differences is the lack of comparability of testing methods (Bond & Smith, 1996). Indeed, achieving such comparability can seem like a daunting task, considering that over 50 types of equivalence have been discussed in the literature (for an excellent review, see Johnson, 1998).…”

Section: Measurement: Achieving Equivalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and New Directions in Global Consumer Psychology

2000

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Although there is growing interest in cultural differences in consumer behavior, focused and systematic consumer research on the topic is still in its infancy. The conceptual and methodological issues that are central to conducting cross-cultural research, including selecting or blending emic and etic research approaches, achieving measurement equivalence, expanding the cultural constructs and geographical regions under investigation, and understanding mediating processes, are addressed. In the process, the progress that has been made in addressing these issues in consumer psychology is reviewed and a number of priorities for future research in this important domain are suggested.It is well known that culture shapes consumer behavior. However, despite the recognition of its pivotal role, relatively little research in the domain of consumer behavior and marketing has examined the interaction of culture and consumer behavior. Published research in marketing that has incorporated data collected outside the United States has been limited (Winer, 1998). There are several reasons for the lack of inquiry into cultural variables in the consumer behavior context. The reasons range from methodological complexities to an ethnocentric belief that psychological principles are universal. The primary objective of this special issue is to examine some of these issues and offer some guidelines to facilitate scholarly inquiry in the cultural domain.The increasing trend toward the globalization of business activities provides a compelling reason for understanding the cultural context of consumer behavior. As U.S. corporations continue to expand into China, Eastern Europe, and Russia, they are faced with the challenge of effectively communicating with consumers in these countries. However, most communication strategies are based on theoretical frameworks developed in the United States, and it is not clear the extent to which consumers in other countries are similar to U.S. consumers. Also, the effectiveness of these strategies in other cultural contexts has not been investigated.From a theoretical perspective, understanding culture is also important for developing conceptual frameworks that are generalizable across cultures. Unfortunately, many current theoretical frameworks are yet to be validated in other cultures. The lack of frameworks that are robust across cultures has severely limited the development of theory-based empirical work. The ongoing debate about the emic versus etic orientation of examining cultural differences has also stymied the comparison of findings across cultures. The emic proponents suggest that cultural research should be indigenous and must be conducted on the basis of culture-specific frameworks. In contrast, the etic researchers advocate the advantages of examining differences by using previously established universal frameworks as benchmarks. Thus, ambiguity about the right orientation has discouraged work in this domain. Finally, there is a lack of a network of indigenous scholars from other cultures...

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“…Previous cross cultural research has found that collectivist cultures (e.g., Singapore) tend to emphasize group needs over individual needs, to use more formalized rules (Hofstede, 1994;Triandis, 1995) and to require greater conformity from members (Bond and Smith, 1996) than individualist cultures. Collectivists also live in cohesive and tightly bounded groups which restrict mobility, especially upward mobility (Hofstede, 1991(Hofstede, , 1994.…”

Section: The Moderating Role Of Culture In Boundary Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the mindsets of Government Affairs Managers

Barron

2010

Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the cultural dimensions of corporate political activity (CPA). Design/methodology/approach -The study uses a qualitative research design. Data collected from interviews conducted with the Brussels-based Government Affairs Managers of French and British firms are analysed to examine the impact of national culture on their objectives and preferred political strategies. Findings -The findings suggest possible relationships between the cultural dimensions elaborated by Hofstede and the different components of corporate political action: uncertainty avoidance can help explain managers' objectives when becoming politically active; the long-term vs short-term dimension can account for their general approaches to political activity; their level of participation in the political process can be explained by the individualism vs collectivism dimension; and their choices of specific lobbying tactics and techniques can be explained in terms of power distance. Practical implications -As firms increasingly interact with foreign rivals when seeking to influence policy outcomes, knowing that corporate political strategies are in part culturally grounded can help Government Affairs Managers to anticipate, respond to and act on the strategies pursued by firms socialised in other national cultures. Originality/value -While previous mainstream research into CPA is based largely on universal theories, the primary contribution of the paper is to introduce national culture as a variable to explain cross-country differences in the types and processes of firms' political activities.

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Cross-Cultural Social and Organizational Psychology

Cited by 210 publications

References 166 publications

Li̇se Öğrenci̇leri̇nde Psi̇koloji̇k Sağlamliğin Yordayicisi Olarak Benli̇k Kurgusu

Li̇se Öğrenci̇leri̇nde Psi̇koloji̇k Sağlamliğin Yordayicisi Olarak Benli̇k Kurgusu

Issues and New Directions in Global Consumer Psychology

Unlocking the mindsets of Government Affairs Managers

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