Cross‐cultural evidence of value structures and priorities in childhood

Döring, Anna K.; Schwartz, Shalom H.; Cieciuch, Jan; Groenen, Patrick J. F.; Glatzel, Valentina; Harasimczuk, Justyna; Janowicz, Nicole; Nyagolova, Maya; Scheefer, E. Rebecca; Allritz, Matthias; Milfont, Taciano L.; Bilsky, Wolfgang

doi:10.1111/bjop.12116

Cited by 84 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…This underscores parents' role as socializing agents who transmit values that prevail in the wider context of society. Family members' gender also played an important role: Males' and females' value priorities differed (see D€ oring et al, 2015, 2016Schwartz & Rubel, 2005). Additionally, mothers' values were more similar to their children's values than fathers' values in the Swiss sample (Study 1), and daughters' values were more similar to their parents' values than sons' values in the German sample (Study 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across a range of studies, the PBVS-C showed to have good structural validity, as structural analyses yielded a clear distinction between the four higher-order values (Cieciuch, Davidov, & Algesheimer, 2016;Cieciuch, D€ oring, & Harasimczuk, 2013;D€ oring et al, 2010, 2015Uzefovsky et al, 2016). Multitrait-multimethod analyses of data from older children who were capable of completing an established values questionnaire for adults (the Portrait Values Questionnaire, PVQ, see below) in addition to the PBVS-C confirmed concurrent validity (Cieciuch et al, 2013;D€ oring et al, 2015): Correlations for the higher-order values measured across both instruments ranged from .42 to .72. The higher-order values as measured with the PBVS-C were further shown to be relatively stable over time: For 8-to 11-year-old children, Cieciuch et al (2016) report a stability of between .25 and .63 over 1 year and between .14 and .43 over 2 years.…”

Section: Study 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used Schwartz's (1992) four higher-order values in our conceptualizations and measures, as they are well established and recently were also validated in children (e.g., see D€ oring et al, 2015Schwartz et al, 2012. These are (1) the prosocial values of selftranscendence (benevolence and universalism) that are opposed to (2) self-enhancement values (power and achievement), and (3) conservation values (tradition, conformity, and security) that are opposed to (4) openness to change values (self-direction, stimulation, and hedonism).…”

Section: The Values Framework: Schwartz's Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent–child value similarity in families with young children: The predictive power of prosocial educational goals

Döring

Makarova

Bardi

2017

British J of Psychology

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Value transmission from one generation to the next is a key issue in every society, but it is not clear which parents are the most successful in transmitting their values to their children. We propose parents’ prosocial educational goals as key predictors of parent–child value similarity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the more parents wanted their children to endorse values of self‐transcendence (helping, supporting, and caring for others) and the less parents wanted their children to endorse the opposing values of self‐enhancement (striving for power and achievement), the higher would be parent–child overall value similarity. Findings from two studies of families – Study 1: 261 Swiss families, children aged 7–9 years; Study 2: 157 German families, children aged 6–11 years – confirmed this hypothesis. The effect was even stronger after controlling for values that prevail in the Swiss and German society, respectively. We integrate evidence from this study of values in families with young children with existing findings from studies with adolescent and adult children, and we discuss potential pathways from parents’ educational goals to parent–child value similarity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Values Framework: Schwartz's Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent–child value similarity in families with young children: The predictive power of prosocial educational goals

Döring

Makarova

Bardi

2017

British J of Psychology

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“…This is consistent benevolence and universalism (self-transcendence) are highly related at one pole and power and achievement are highly related at the opposing pole (self-enhancement) and these findings hold across samples from multiple countries (Döring et al, 2015).…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…Like adults, children tend to rate self-transcendence values as most important and selfenhancement values as least important (Döring et al, 2015). Value priorities for 8-to 11-yearolds are moderately stable over two year periods (Cieciuch, Davidov, & Algesheimer, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

I remember Being Nice: Self-Enhancement Memory Bias in Adults and Children

Rowell

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Adults tend to remember themselves in a positive way. For example, they are more likely to remember their past good deeds rather than their bad deeds, which may help them to maintain good mental health and high self-esteem. In contrast, adults tend to have a negativity bias in memory for other people's actions, remembering more of their bad deeds than their good ones. This is also adaptive in that it may help them avoid harmful individuals in the future. In the studies presented here, I ask whether children are also biased to remember their own good deeds better than their bad deeds. I additionally address whether this bias is linked to children's developing self-concepts and to socialization practices during parent-child conversations about the past.Study 1 showed that a well-known memory paradigm can be used to address questions about how well children and adults remember positively and negatively valenced material encoded in relation to themselves and others. Study 1a found that adults remembered nice verbs encoded with reference to themselves better than mean verbs encoded with reference to themselves or mean verbs encoded with reference to someone else. These memory differences were present even when statistical models were used that separated actual remembering from guessing strategies. Study 2 then found this same bias in 8-to 10-year-old children, providing some of the first experimental evidence for self-enhancement in children's memory. Study 3 replicated the findings of Study 1a and sought to address potential mechanisms of selfenhancement bias. Imagine that you get angry and yell at a friend, insulting her and bringing her to tears. Now imagine instead that this friend does the very same thing to you. Will your memory be similarly accurate for both events? Will you be just as likely to recall either event later on? There are many influences on memory that could help predict how well you would remember either event, such as emotional content or distinctiveness. Importantly, there are also factors that only apply to one scenario or the other-functional aspects of memory that lead to a divergence in how well these two events would be remembered. Table of ContentsIn the first scenario, you are the perpetrator of a transgression and because of this, your self-concept will have an important influence on how you remember what happens. Adults generally have a positive view of themselves which leads them to remember themselves in a positive way (Greenwald, 1980). Thus, you are more likely to remember nice things you have done than neutral or mean things. Remembering more of our positive past actions is beneficial in that it may contribute to good mental health (see Taylor & Brown, 1988) and help people in Western cultures live up to the standards of their culture by maintaining high self-esteem , which then continues to perpetuate memory bias.In the second scenario, your friend is the perpetrator of the transgression and you are merely the recipient of their actions. Thus, your self-concept is less o...

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The Inextricable Link Between Culture and Statistics

Nolan¹,

Simon²

2019

Cross‐Cultural Psychology

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Cross‐cultural evidence of value structures and priorities in childhood

Cited by 84 publications

References 58 publications

Parent–child value similarity in families with young children: The predictive power of prosocial educational goals

Parent–child value similarity in families with young children: The predictive power of prosocial educational goals

I remember Being Nice: Self-Enhancement Memory Bias in Adults and Children

The Inextricable Link Between Culture and Statistics

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