Cross‐cultural considerations of therapist self‐disclosure

Constantine, Madonna G.; Kwan, Kwong-Liem Karl

doi:10.1002/jclp.10160

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Finally, TSD may also function as a model for clients of color (Berg & Wright-Buckley, 1988), particularly for those clients who are of international origin (Constantine & Kwan, 2003). To illustrate, some clients may come from cultural backgrounds that leave them unfamiliar with psychotherapeutic processes, such as client self-disclosure, or may hold cultural values that stigmatize help-seeking behavior for psychological difficulties.…”

Section: Tsd In Cross-cultural Counselingmentioning

confidence: 99%

European American therapist self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling.

Burkard

Knox

Groen

et al. 2006

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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Abstract:Eleven European American psychotherapists' use of self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling was studied using consensual qualitative research. As reasons for self-disclosing, therapists reported the intent to enhance the counseling relationship, acknowledge the role of racism/oppression in clients' lives, and acknowledge their own racist/oppressive attitudes. Results indicated that therapists typically shared their reactions to clients' experiences of racism or oppression and that these self-disclosures typically had positive effects in therapy, often improving the counseling relationship by helping clients feel understood and enabling clients to advance to other important issues.For some time, therapists and researchers have recognized the importance of therapist self-disclosure (TSD) to therapy and the powerful effect it may have for the therapeutic relationship (Hill & Knox, 2002). Different theoretical orientations, however, have not always enabled agreement on the use of TSD in therapy. For example, therapists in the psychodynamic tradition often seek to limit their self-disclosures so that information about the therapist does not hinder the process of uncovering and resolving client transference (Jackson, 1990). In contrast, therapists from humanistic and existential orientations support the use of self-disclosure to demystify psychotherapy (Kaslow, Cooper, & Linsenberg, 1979) and to promote therapist authenticity and genuineness (Jourard, 1971). Likewise, cognitive-behavioral therapists also believe that TSD can have a positive effect during treatment. For example, TSD can normalize client struggles, illuminate effective coping strategies, provide clients with feedback on how they interpersonally affect others, and even model the process of self-disclosure itself. More recently, cross-cultural counseling theorists have also suggested that TSD be used to convey the therapist's sensitivity to cultural and racial issues, which may result in an increase of trust, greater perception of therapist credibility, and an improved therapeutic relationship with culturally diverse clients (Helms & Cook, 1999;Sue & Sue, 2003). However, minimal research exists in which the actual use of TSD in cross-cultural counseling is investigated. Such research is necessary, however, to examine whether and how TSD may influence the development of cross-cultural counseling relationships.2 Burkard, Knox, Groen, Perez, & Hess DefinitionNumerous theorists have offered varied definitions of TSD (e.g., Hill, Mahalik, & Thompson, 1989;Jourard, 1971;McCarthy & Betz, 1978;Watkins, 1990). What each definition shares is the recognition that TSD occurs when the therapist verbally reveals personal information about herself or himself. Thus, for this study, we excluded nonverbal disclosures that are unintentional, such as office décor and surroundings, or therapist nonverbal behaviors.Commonly recognized characteristics of TSD also include sharing information that would not normally be known by the client, with such interventions invo...

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Section: Tsd In Cross-cultural Counselingmentioning

confidence: 99%

European American therapist self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling.

Burkard

Knox

Groen

et al. 2006

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…Self-disclosure and transparency also have been found to enhance the client's trust in the therapist, and to convey normalization, validation, and understanding (Barrett & Berman, 2001;Wzontek et al, 1995). While limited, there is evidence that these same two UOS behaviors can facilitate engagement when there are cross-cultural differences between the clinician and the client (Constantine & Kwan, 2003).…”

Section: Interactional Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

Therapeutic Use of Self: Theoretical and Evidence-Based Considerations for Clinical Practice and Supervision

Knight

2012

The Clinical Supervisor

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This article examines therapeutic use of self in light of theoretical considerations and recent empirical findings. Two different sets of behaviors are distinguished: transparency and self-disclosure. The article examines how the supervisor can promote supervisees' understanding of and engagement in therapeutic use of self as well as how the supervisor can use herself or himself to enhance the supervisory alliance and model appropriate use of self with clients. Case examples illustrate the ethical, theoretical, and evidencebased considerations that should guide use of self in practice and supervision.

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“…Finally, TSD may also function as a model for clients of color (Berg & Wright-Buckley, 1988), particularly for those clients who are of international origin (Constantine & Kwan, 2003). To illustrate, some clients may come from cultural backgrounds that leave them unfamiliar with psychotherapeutic processes, such as client selfdisclosure, or may hold cultural values that stigmatize help-seeking behavior for psychological difficulties.…”

Section: Tsd In Cross-cultural Counselingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slogging and Stumbling Toward Social Justice in a Private Elementary School: The Complicated Case of St. Malachy

Scanlan

2010

Education and Urban Society

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This case study examines St. Malachy, an urban Catholic elementary school primarily serving children traditionally marginalized by race, class, linguistic heritage, and disability. As a private school, St. Malachy serves the public good by recruiting and retaining such traditionally marginalized students. As empirical studies involving Catholic schools frequently juxtapose them with public schools, the author presents this examination from a different tack. Neither vilifying nor glorifying Catholic schooling, this study critically examines the pursuit of social justice in this school context. Data gathered through a 1-year study show that formal and informal leaders in St. Malachy adapted their governance, aggressively sought community resources, and focused their professional development to build the capacity to serve their increasingly pluralistic student population. The analysis confirms the deepening realization that striving toward social justice is a messy, contradictory, and complicated pursuit, and that schools in both public and private sectors are allies in this pursuit.

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Cross‐cultural considerations of therapist self‐disclosure

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

European American therapist self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling.

European American therapist self-disclosure in cross-cultural counseling.

Therapeutic Use of Self: Theoretical and Evidence-Based Considerations for Clinical Practice and Supervision

Slogging and Stumbling Toward Social Justice in a Private Elementary School: The Complicated Case of St. Malachy

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