Cross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD

Wilson, John P.; Tang, Catherine So‐kum

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1

Cited by 84 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 529 publications

(517 reference statements)

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“…The possible role of social complexity beliefs as a factor that might influence PTG may help explain why some individuals are more open to considering the positive side of the trauma experience and later to resolving and accepting this experience. These points are consistent with general suggestions that researchers, practitioners, and policymakers consider the broader cultural context when designing and implementing interventions or policies for trauma survivors (Marsella, 2010; Wilson & Tang, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Social complexity beliefs predict posttraumatic growth in survivors of a natural disaster.

Nalipay

Bernardo

Mordeno

2016

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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The results provide evidence for how disaster survivors' beliefs about the changing nature of social environments and their corresponding behavior changes are predictors of PTG and suggest a psychological mechanism for how distal culture can influence PTG. Thus, assessing social complexity beliefs during early the phases of a postdisaster psychosocial intervention may provide useful information on who is likely to experience PTG. Trauma workers might consider culture-specific social themes related to social complexity in disaster-affected communities. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Social complexity beliefs predict posttraumatic growth in survivors of a natural disaster.

Nalipay

Bernardo

Mordeno

2016

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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“…The IES-R 7 has 22 items and ranges 0-4, with scores ≥1.6 indicating substantial PTSD symptoms. 2 For this study, HADS data were available at 6-month follow-up from all 5 studies, and at 12-month follow-up from ALTOS, ICAP, and PRaCTICaL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1–4 A recent study of ARF survivors reported that >38% screened positive for general anxiety, >26% for depression, >22% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during 2-year longitudinal follow-up. 5 The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) 6 and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) 7 have been used in studies of ICU survivors 3,5,8–10 to assess symptoms of these conditions. While the HADS and IES-R demonstrate good reliability and validity in ICU survivors 2,11 and other populations 12–14 , the minimal important difference (MID) has not been reported in ARF survivors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution-based estimates of minimal important difference for hospital anxiety and depression scale and impact of event scale-revised in survivors of acute respiratory failure

Chan

Friedman

Bienvenu

et al. 2016

General Hospital Psychiatry

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Objective This study will estimate distribution-based minimal important difference (MID) for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) subscales, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised IES-R in survivors of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Methods Secondary analyses of data from two U.S. and three U.K. studies of ARF survivors (Total N=1,223). HADSD and HADS-A were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms. IES-R assessed PTSD symptoms. Standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change90 (MDC90), 0.5 standard deviation (SD), and 0.2 SD were used to estimate MID for the combined sample, by studies, 6- and 12-month follow-ups, country and mental health condition. Results Overall, MID estimates converged to 2.0-2.5 for the HADS-A, 1.9-2.3 for the HADS-D, and 0.17-0.18 for the IES-R. MID estimates were comparable across studies, follow-up, country and mental health condition. Conclusion Among ARF survivors, 2.0-2.5 is a reasonable range for the MID for both HADS subscales and 0.2 is reasonable for IES-R. Until anchor-based MIDs for these instruments are available, these distribution-based estimates can help researchers plan future studies and interpret the clinical importance of findings in ARF patient populations.

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“…A cross-sectional study (n=1194) using convenience sampling found 47.3% anxiety (using a lower cut-off than us of ≥8 on the GAD-7), 46.9% depression (using the same cut-off as us of ≥10), and 22.5% PTSD (using a different measure: ITQ, [23]). [24] A different cross-sectional study (n=2773) found levels (using the same cut-off scores of ≥10 for the GAD-7 and PHQ9, though a different PTSD measure; IES-R, [25]), of 33.1% for probable anxiety, 28.1% for probable depression, and 14.6% for PTSD symptoms. [26] Elevated prevalence of anxiety and depression compared to our study may be attributable to differing sample demographic factors, particularly sex, which was over-represented in these studies.…”

Section: Uk Hcwsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 4,378 UK healthcare workers and ancillary staff: initial baseline data from a cohort study collected during the first wave of the pandemic

Lamb¹,

Gnanapragasam

Greenberg

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectivesThis study reports preliminary findings on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, mental health and wellbeing outcomes of healthcare workers during the early months (April-June) of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.MethodsPreliminary cross-sectional data were analysed from a cohort study (n=4,378). Clinical and non-clinical staff of three London-based NHS Trusts (UK), including acute and mental health Trusts, took part in an online baseline survey. The primary outcome measure used is the presence of probable common mental disorders (CMDs), measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Secondary outcomes are probable anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (PCL-6), suicidal ideation (CIS-R), and alcohol use (AUDIT). Moral injury is measured using the Moray Injury Event Scale (MIES).ResultsAnalyses showed substantial levels of CMDs (58.9%, 95%CI 58.1 to 60.8), and of PTSD (30.2%, 95%CI 28.1 to 32.5) with lower levels of depression (27.3%, 95%CI 25.3 to 29.4), anxiety (23.2%, 95%CI 21.3 to 25.3), and alcohol misuse (10.5%, 95%CI, 9.2 to 11.9). Women, younger staff, and nurses tended to have poorer outcomes than other staff, except for alcohol misuse. Higher reported exposure to moral injury (distress resulting from violation of one’s moral code) was strongly associated with increased levels of CMDs, anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol misuse.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that mental health support for healthcare workers should consider those demographics and occupations at highest risk. Rigorous longitudinal data are needed in order to respond to the potential long-term mental health impacts of the pandemic.HighlightsWhat is already known about this subject?Large-scale population studies report increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.Evidence from previous epidemics indicates a high and persistent burden of adverse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers.What are the new findings?Substantial levels of probable common mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder were found among healthcare workers.Groups at increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes included women, nurses, and younger staff, as well as those who reported higher levels of moral injury.How might this impact on policy or clinical practice in the foreseeable future?The mental health offering to healthcare workers must consider the interplay of demographic, social, and occupational factors.Additional longitudinal research that emphasises methodological rigor, namely with use of standardised diagnostic interviews to establish mental health diagnoses, is necessary to better understand the mental health burden, identify those most at risk, and provide appropriate support without pathologizing ordinary distress responses.

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Cross-Cultural Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD

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Cited by 84 publications

References 529 publications

Social complexity beliefs predict posttraumatic growth in survivors of a natural disaster.

Social complexity beliefs predict posttraumatic growth in survivors of a natural disaster.

Distribution-based estimates of minimal important difference for hospital anxiety and depression scale and impact of event scale-revised in survivors of acute respiratory failure

The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 4,378 UK healthcare workers and ancillary staff: initial baseline data from a cohort study collected during the first wave of the pandemic

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