Cross-cultural applicability of Oral–Dependent Language (ODL).

Abstract

Oral-Dependent Language (ODL) is currently included in the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) as an empirically supported variable that measures both implicit and explicit psychological processes related to dependence and oral motives. To date, almost all studies on ODL have been conducted in the U.S. so that little is known about how it works in other cultural contexts. Additionally, no study has investigated the Oral and Dependent subcomponents of this variable. This paper addresses ODL validity in Italy and its clinical utility by reporting on three studies, each addressing a specific research question. Study 1 examined the association of gender, age, and cultural background to ODL scores. Study 2 addressed predictive validity by examining the relationship of ODL and its subcomponents' scores to dependent

Toward an Integrative Perspective on the Person

“…We also have a good idea of how dependent people perform on the Rorschach, and other stimulus-attribution tests. Decades of research confirms that they tend to report a high proportion of oral dependent imagery (Aschieri et al, 2021; Bornstein & Masling, 2005; Meyer et al, 2011; Smith et al, 2022). They produce a higher-than-average number of dependent percepts – images of figures that are vulnerable or helpless, and in need of external support.…”