Cross‐cultural analysis of interpersonal bonding: A look at East and West

Bridging Cultures: Understanding the Construction of Relational Identity in Intercultural Friendship

“…Scholars have found that members involved in intercultural friendships have to deal not only with the challenges that exist with intracultural friendships (e.g., values, interests, personality traits, and changes), but also the problems emerging from internal and external relational dialectics, cultural differences, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 5 and possible language barriers between the interactants (Chen, 2002;Gareis, 1995;Javidi & Javidi, 1991;Martin & Nakayama, 1997). Clearly, positive facilitation of intercultural friendships requires more than simply increasing the possibilities for contact or interaction.…”

Construction and Validation of a Conflict Communication Scale1

“…1979). Cross-culturally as well, a wide range of self-disclosing behavior has been observed (e.g.. Javidi & Javidi, 1991). Gudykunst and Ting-Toomey ( 1 988) stated that "Whereas revealment is vital in low-context cultures, concealment is \;ital in high-context systems" (p. 156).…”

Revisiting Thompson’s Multicultural Disposition Index in preservice English teacher education in Indonesia

“…East and West cultural values are different in terms of (a) self-concept versus group-concept, (b) doing versus being, (c) equality versus inequality, (d) informality versus formality, (e) uncertainty reduction, and (f) acceptance of a person based on an area of common interest versus acceptance of the whole person (Javidi & Javidi, 1991). They claimed that Western society is more concerned with self-preservation, is interested in what people do, assumes people are equal in their relationships, prefers more informal communication methods, communicates indirectly, and limits friendship to a shared interest.…”