Cross-Cultural adaption, validity and reliability of a Hindi versionof the Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale

Abstract

Background: An appropriate scale to assess the dental anxiety of Hindi speaking population is lacking. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of Hindi version of one of the oldest dental anxiety scale, Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in Hindi speaking Indian adults.Methods: A total of 348 subjects from the outpatient department of a dental hospital in India participated in this cross-sectional study. The scale was cross-culturally adapted by forward and backward translation, committee review and pretesting method. The construct validity of the translated scale was explored with exploratory factor analysis. The correlation of the Hindi version of CDAS with visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through calculations of Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation 48 forms were completed for test-retest.Results: Prevalence of dental anxiety in the sample within the age range of 18-80 years was 85.63% [95% CI: 0.815-0.891]. The response rate was 100 %. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test value was 0.776. After factor analysis, a single factor (dental anxiety) was obtained with 4 items.The single factor model explained 61% variance. Pearson correlation coefficient between CDASand VAS was 0.494. Test-retest showed the Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.814. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient of the total CDAS score was 0.881 [95% CI: 0.318-0.554].Conclusion: Hindi version of CDAS is a valid and reliable scale to assess dental anxiety in Hindi speaking population. Convergent validity is well recognized but discriminant validity is limited and requires further study.

Lifetime and 1-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Hebei Province, China: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…In recent years, China is one of the few countries with high-speed development in the world, and Chinese society changes very fast. People need to adapt to the changing society, which is also a risk factor for anxiety disorders (38). This may be a reason for changing the order of anxiety and mood disorders.…”

Changes of Solitude Behaviors among College Students: A Latent Transition Analysis

“…This might have been because the females were more prone to social avoidance and loneliness than males. Some studies suggest that women are more prone to social anxiety than men [31,32]. And evidence also indicates that females are more likely to report loneliness than males [33].…”

“…Individual differences in solitude behaviors, particularly concerning gender and age, exist [29,30]. Some evidence suggests that females exhibit higher levels of loneliness and social anxiety compared to males [31][32][33]. However, some studies have shown that males are more likely to report loneliness and adopt social avoidance strategies than females [34,35].…”

Validez de contenido, de constructo y confiabilidad del Dental Anxiety Scale en adultos chilenos.

“…Los ítems del módulo DAS presentaron cargas o saturaciones de factor de 0,65 a 0,83 lo que indica una fuerte relación de cada pregunta con el constructo ansiedad dental. Estos resultados son similares a los obtenidos por Jain y Tandon (22) con un autovalor de 2,441 que representó el 61,019% de varianza total.…”

“…Este valor indica que el instrumento es homogéneo, es decir, todos los ítems del cuestionario miden ansiedad dental. El α obtenido en esta investigación fue similar a los encontrados en otros estudios de validación del DAS, como en Brasil (23) donde obtuvieron un α de 0,83 o en India (22) , con un α de 0,782.…”