Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Japanese version of the Cumberland ankle instability tool

Abstract

Purpose To study validity and reliability of a Japanese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and to determine the optimal cutoff score. Methods In this study, the questionnaire was cross-culturally adapted into Japanese. The psychometric properties tested in the Japanese version of the CAIT were measured for criteria validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability in 111 collegiate soccer athletes. We also established the questionnaire cutoff score for discriminating between individuals with and without CAI. Results There was a significant correlation between the Japanese version of the CAIT and the Karlsson score (r = 0.604, p < 0.001). The questionnaire had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.833) and reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.826, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.732-0.888]. The optimal cutoff score was ≤25, which was consistent with previous reports. Conclusions The Japanese version of the CAIT has been shown to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for determining the presence of CAI. We expect that researchers and clinicians will use the Japanese version of the CAIT in Japan. Implications for Rehabilitation Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), which not only increases recurrence rate of ankle sprain but also decreases athletic performance, is a residual symptom after ankle sprain. Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, which has the reliability and validity to assess CAI, will be critically useful in assessment procedure for CAI. It is preferable for clinicians and researchers to use the native language version of the CAIT.

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of “Identification of Functional Ankle Instability” Questionnaire in People With Lateral Ankle Sprain

“…These values were 0.79, 0.76, and 0.38 for the first, second, and third factors, respectively [9]. In this regard, the Japanese and Chinese versions of this questionnaire reported the Cronbach alpha values of 0.87 and 0.89, respectively [8,13]. The present study, like other studies, has shown the high reliability of this questionnaire.…”

“…Therefore, the test-retest reliability coefficient of the Persian version indicates a high level of relative reliability, which is similar to the Chinese, Japanese, and Brazilian Portuguese versions. It has been reported among the different age groups of adults, where the ICC coefficients were 0.97, 0.96, 0.97 to 0.99, and 0.95, respectively [8,9,13,14]. The interval between the two tests and the posttest was one week, which is an acceptable time [15,16].…”

Postural stability and lower leg muscle activity during a diagonal single-leg landing differs in male collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability

“…The inclusion criteria for the FAI group included the following: (a) history of at least two significant ankle sprains, occurring at least twelve months prior to study enrollment, that resulted in at least one interrupted day of desired physical activity, and (b) history of the previously injured ankle joint "giving way," and/or recurrent sprain, and/or "feelings of instability." The "feelings of instability" was defined using a Japanese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-J) score of less than or equal to 25 points 24) . The inclusion criteria for the control group included; no history of ankle sprain and a CAIT-J score of 30 points.…”

High lateral plantar pressure is related to an increased tibialis anterior/fibularis longus activity ratio in patients with recurrent lateral ankle sprain

“…A total of 68 collegiate athletes were screened for anthropometric data (height, weight, dominant leg, and history of LAS with medical examination) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score using the CAIT questionnaire (Table 1). 19 In all, 11 athletes met the following inclusion criteria for the instability group (IG), based on a consensus statement and endorsement from the International Ankle Consortium:20 1) more than four counts of LAS with medical examination; 2) ongoing giving way experiences or feeling fear during sports activity; 3) CAIT score <24; 4) at least one LAS within the past year; and 5) no history of LAS within the past 3 months. We required the IG of more than four counts of LAS with medical examination to ensure that the subjects had repeated LAS.…”