Abstract:Background: The Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) assesses the presence and intensity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Objectives: This study aimed to carry out the BNSS cross-cultural adaptation to the Brazilian Portuguese language and verify its content validity and reliability. Methods: This is a methodological study that followed these steps: (1) implementation of the cross-cultural adaptation and translation protocol, (2) BNSS adapted content validation, and (3) reliability assessment. Six experts… Show more
“…While our Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, the Spanish study [13] found one of 0.98 and the Brazilian studies found 0.94 [11] and 0.88 [12]. Our sample size was surpassed by only one of these three studies that collected 111 patients [11], while the Spanish including 20 [13] and another Brazilian including 30 patients [12]. In sum, our findings confirm the cross-cultural properties of BNSS and extend previous validations in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish cultures to European Portuguese.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 71%
“…When comparing our validation findings with the BNSS validation findings in samples closely related to European Portuguese, culturally and linguistically, such as the existing studies with a Spanish sample [13] and Brazilian patients [11,12], we found similar consistency metrics. While our Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, the Spanish study [13] found one of 0.98 and the Brazilian studies found 0.94 [11] and 0.88 [12]. Our sample size was surpassed by only one of these three studies that collected 111 patients [11], while the Spanish including 20 [13] and another Brazilian including 30 patients [12].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 69%
“…To our knowledge, the BNSS has not been assessed in a European Portuguese sample. We found two translation studies in Brazilian samples [11, 12] and one in a Spanish [13] sample, which are the closest to European Portuguese, in terms of culture and language. Despite being the same language, the Brazilian Portuguese variety has substantial differences from European Portuguese, such as in: 1) grammar (for example, the frequent use of the gerund tense in Brazil) and 2) vocabulary (several words and expressions are not commonly used in one on the varieties or are so but have a different meaning (for example, in one question evaluating item 3 under anhedonia: “Existe alguma atividade que você fica na expectativa para fazer?” [Brazilian version] vs. “Haverá algo mais que o deixe entusiasmado por vir a realizar?” [Portuguese version]).…”
Negative symptoms reflect a currently much-untreated loss of normal functioning and are frequently found in psychotic disorders. We present the first translation of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) to European Portuguese and evaluate its validity in a sample of Portuguese male patients with a psychotic spectrum disorder. The Portuguese BNSS showed excellent internal consistency, high convergent validity (i.e., strong correlation with the PANSS negative factor), and high discriminant validity (i.e., a lack of association with the PANSS positive factor). In sum, the present European Portuguese BNSS has shown to be reliable, thus extending this instrument’s clinical availability worldwide.
“…While our Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, the Spanish study [13] found one of 0.98 and the Brazilian studies found 0.94 [11] and 0.88 [12]. Our sample size was surpassed by only one of these three studies that collected 111 patients [11], while the Spanish including 20 [13] and another Brazilian including 30 patients [12]. In sum, our findings confirm the cross-cultural properties of BNSS and extend previous validations in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish cultures to European Portuguese.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 71%
“…When comparing our validation findings with the BNSS validation findings in samples closely related to European Portuguese, culturally and linguistically, such as the existing studies with a Spanish sample [13] and Brazilian patients [11,12], we found similar consistency metrics. While our Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, the Spanish study [13] found one of 0.98 and the Brazilian studies found 0.94 [11] and 0.88 [12]. Our sample size was surpassed by only one of these three studies that collected 111 patients [11], while the Spanish including 20 [13] and another Brazilian including 30 patients [12].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 69%
“…To our knowledge, the BNSS has not been assessed in a European Portuguese sample. We found two translation studies in Brazilian samples [11, 12] and one in a Spanish [13] sample, which are the closest to European Portuguese, in terms of culture and language. Despite being the same language, the Brazilian Portuguese variety has substantial differences from European Portuguese, such as in: 1) grammar (for example, the frequent use of the gerund tense in Brazil) and 2) vocabulary (several words and expressions are not commonly used in one on the varieties or are so but have a different meaning (for example, in one question evaluating item 3 under anhedonia: “Existe alguma atividade que você fica na expectativa para fazer?” [Brazilian version] vs. “Haverá algo mais que o deixe entusiasmado por vir a realizar?” [Portuguese version]).…”
Negative symptoms reflect a currently much-untreated loss of normal functioning and are frequently found in psychotic disorders. We present the first translation of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) to European Portuguese and evaluate its validity in a sample of Portuguese male patients with a psychotic spectrum disorder. The Portuguese BNSS showed excellent internal consistency, high convergent validity (i.e., strong correlation with the PANSS negative factor), and high discriminant validity (i.e., a lack of association with the PANSS positive factor). In sum, the present European Portuguese BNSS has shown to be reliable, thus extending this instrument’s clinical availability worldwide.
“…BNSS was designed for easy application in the context of clinical trials or clinical routines and has excellent psychometric properties in schizophrenia [28,113] and in bipolar disorders (76). It has been translated and validated into 29 languages [141], notably Danish [142], Polish [143], German [144], Brazilian [68,145], and Spanish [146]. Nine translations were used in a European validation study [74].…”
Background. During the last decades, a renewed interest for negative symptoms (NS) was brought about by the increased awareness that they interfere severely with real-life functioning, particularly when they are primary and persistent. Methods. In this guidance paper, we provide a systematic review of the evidence and elaborate several recommendations for the conceptualization and assessment of NS in clinical trials and practice. Results. Expert consensus and systematic reviews have provided guidance for the optimal assessment of primary and persistent negative symptoms; second-generation rating scales, which provide a better assessment of the experiential domains, are available; however, NS are still poorly assessed both in research and clinical settings. This European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance recommends the use of persistent negative symptoms (PNS) construct in the context of clinical trials and highlights the need for further efforts to make the definition of PNS consistent across studies in order to exclude as much as possible secondary negative symptoms. We also encourage clinicians to use secondgeneration scales, at least to complement first-generation ones. The EPA guidance further recommends the evidence-based exclusion of several items included in first-generation scales from any NS summary or factor score to improve NS measurement in research and clinical settings. Self-rated instruments are suggested to further complement observer-rated scales in NS assessment. Several recommendations are provided for the identification of secondary negative symptoms in clinical settings. Conclusions. The dissemination of this guidance paper may promote the development of national guidelines on negative symptom assessment and ultimately improve the care of people with schizophrenia.
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