Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the revised surveys on patient safety culture™ (SOPS®) hospital survey 2.0

Abstract

Background Surveys on Patient Safety Culture™ (SOPS®) Hospital Survey (HSOPS 1.0), developed by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in 2004, has been widely adopted in the United States and internationally. An updated version, the SOPS Hospital Survey 2.0 (HSOPS 2.0), released in 2019, has not yet been applied in China. The aim of the present study was to translate HSOPS 2.0 into Chinese version with cross-cultural adaptations and test its psychometric properties. Methods A convenience sample was used. Hospital nurses (N = 1013) and a sub-set (n = 200) was invited for the re-test. A three-stage study was conducted. Firstly, the HSOPS 2.0 was translated by a panel. Secondly, the content validity was tested using the two-round Delphi method and cognitive interview. Next, the construct validity was tested by the confirmatory factor analysis and further demonstrated by the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and correlations with the outcome of patient safety. Thirdly, the reliability was tested by internal consistency reliability and re-test reliability. Results The “float or PRN” and “manager” words were deleted as considered unfitted for the Chinese health care system. The content validity index provided evidence of strong content validity (I-CVI = 0.84 ~ 1.00, S-CVI = 0.98). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit (χ2/df = 4.05, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.94) and acceptable factor loadings (0.41 ~ 0.97). Convergent validity, and discriminant validity supported the factorial structure of the Chinese version of HSOPS 2.0. Further evidence for the construct validity was derived from correlations with the outcome of patient safety (r = 0.10 ~ 0.41). A good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.68 ~ 0.93, McDonald’s omega = 0.84 ~ 0.96) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78 ~ 0.95) showed acceptable reliability. Additionally, Chinese nurses reported markedly lower scores for three dimensions, including “Response to Error”, “Communication Openness”, and “Reporting Patient Safety Events”, when comparing the findings of this study with those from U.S. research utilizing the HSOPS 2.0. Conclusion The Chinese version of HSOPS 2.0 demonstrated good validity and reliability in a Chinese sample of hospital nurses, which suggests that it can be used to measure nurse-perceived patient safety culture in future research and practice. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of HSOPS 2.0 among other Chinese healthcare professionals remain to be confirmed.

Barriers and facilitators to feeling safe for inpatients: a model based on a qualitative meta-synthesis

“…The medical delivery model increasingly emphasizes patient-centered care, advocates patient participation, and builds a harmonious patient safety culture. Patient safety culture was described as the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors of medical staff shared in ensuring patient safety, which was conducive to reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes and benefiting staff well-being ( 3 ). Patient safety culture created an environment of openness and trust, enabling the team to concentrate on high-quality care and making patients feel safe.…”

“…Keeping patients free from accidental or preventable harms caused by medical staff or other machines is a vital responsibility of personnel and hospitals. Previous studies mostly viewed patient safety from the perspective of healthcare professionals or hospitals, focusing on the report of adverse events, the incidence of medical errors, patient safety competency, and patient safety culture (1)(2)(3). However, healthcare professionals devoted themselves to improving the safety and quality of care and ignored what it meant to the patient.…”

Patient safety culture in private hospitals in China: a cross-sectional study using the revised Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture

“…In 2019, AHRQ released a revised version, HSOPSC 2.0, and encouraged its use in place of the original version (9). A previous study contributed to the availability of a Chinese version of the revised surveys on patient safety culture, but it focus on the public hospital nursing team (10). Considering that public and private hospitals setting is very different, and private hospitals constitute a larger proportion of registered hospitals in China currently.…”

Patient Safety Culture from a Nursing Perspective in a Chilean Hospital

“…Meanwhile, version 2.0 was created in 2019 and has ten dimensions and 32 items, the latter being more focused and direct in delivering more reliable results. HSOPS 2.0 has been validated in countries such as China [ 10 ], Korea [ 11 ], Turkey [ 12 ], Indonesia [ 13 ], and Brazil [ 14 ]. A version of the HSOPS 2.0 has been adapted for the Chilean context, although the results still need to be published.…”