Cross‐Conjugated Polycatechol Organic Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage

Abstract

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High-performance all-organic aqueous batteries based on a poly(imide) anode and poly(catechol) cathode

“…Interestingly, its red shi in the Li + (1202 cm À1 ) < Zn 2+ (1106 cm À1 ) < Al 3+ (1029 cm À1 ) order indicates stronger interaction of M n+ with C-O À in the same order of metal cation valences. 40,51 Taken together, these results conrm that the cations of the supporting electrolytes are mainly involved in the electrochemical reaction. However, despite all those control experiments, we cannot completely exclude the involvement of protons on the redox mechanism in acidic electrolytes and further studies would be necessary to undoubtedly elucidate this aspect.…”

“…Additionally, this redox reaction mechanism with the coordination/uncoordination of designated metal cations has been also well proven for both PC and PI elsewhere in the context of metal-ion aqueous batteries. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The reduction of ortho-quinones into catecholates and the subsequent n-type coordination reaction depend not only on the pH of the aqueous electrolyte, but also on the nature and concentration of cationic charge carriers. 49 As control experiments, we accomplished CV analysis of PC in both aqueous citrate buffer solutions (pH ¼ 5; Fig.…”

“…Particularly, their last merit is highly encouraging, which enables them to be used as universal organic electrodes in numerous polymerbased battery congurations. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] So far, their n-type redox behavior was mainly exploited to design various metal-ionpolymer mono-and multivalent batteries, but interactions between the polymeric host and the charge carriers were largely overlooked. Of note, our recent work emphasized the importance such interactions from the perspective of electrochemical performance tunability, but in half-cells.…”

Design Strategies for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries

“…[66] Such increased practical capacity depends on not only the high electronic conductivity supplied by interconnected CNTs network, but also the improvement of doping level by GO.In addition, the concentration of electrolytes plays an important role in their ionic conductivity.A td ifferent electrolyte concentrations,the specific capacities of Zn/organic batteries would be varied. [73]…”

Progress of Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion

“…However, it was found that the discharge products of monovalent metal cations (for example, C‐O‐Li + ) were easily oxidized by the dissolved O 2 in the aqueous electrolyte, leading to the problem of self‐discharge . Subsequently, it was demonstrated that the discharge products of divalent metal cations generally exhibit improved stability and higher capacity, which is promising for the development of organic batteries using divalent charge carriers (Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ca 2+ ) . Furthermore, Compared to monovalent ions, reduced storage of divalent ions in host materials is needed to exert an equal capacity, which leads to a lower volume change of organic materials.…”