Cross-chain Transactions

Shadab, Narges; Houshmand, Farzin; Lesani, Mohsen

doi:10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169477

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In [63], if the graph is strongly connected, then the secrets can be easily propagated throughout the network. However, in the case of a weakly connected graph where every vertex is not reachable by all other vertices, a follow-up mechanism is required.…”

Section: ) Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Interoperable Blockchains: A Survey on the Role of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Interoperability

et al. 2021

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The slower than expected adoption rate of blockchain technology has highlighted that there are barriers due to the diversity of its applications and its users. To overcome this limitation and take full advantage of the novel technology, researchers from academia as well as industry are dedicated to find different solutions, where two or more blockchains can interact with each other. As a result, several interoperability solutions have presented themselves. To investigate the functionalities and underlying mechanisms of interoperable blockchain solutions, researchers have conducted several surveys by discussing the features and innovations of these methods. However, the existing surveys tend to focus on the architectural description of the interoperability solutions and completely overlook the most promising aspect of blockchain adaptability, namely the smart contract. This paper fills the gap by exploring the role of smart contracts in blockchain interoperability solutions. Our research has classified the existing interoperability solutions into three main categories: heterogeneous blockchains and homogeneous smart contracts, homogeneous blockchains and homogeneous smart contracts, heterogeneous blockchains, and heterogeneous smart contracts. To provide a systematic overview of the smart contracts used in blockchain interoperability, each category is further divided into subcategories by identifying the functionalities of the smart contract used. Based on our survey, a taxonomy is proposed to help classify the blockchain interoperability solutions. The interoperability solutions in each category are analyzed in-depth, and the results are presented in tabular format to illustrate the characteristics of the interoperability solutions in a meaningful way. Finally, a number of open issues and research directions are discussed to overcome the limitations and improve the performance of blockchain interoperability.INDEX TERMS Blockchain interoperability, smart contracts, chain code, cross chain transactions, sidechains, decentralized applications, cryptocurrency, digital assets.

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Section: ) Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XChain [63] is a three-phase protocol designed for general cross-chain transactions. The protocol is implemented in a leader-follower manner.…”

Section: ) Graphical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Interoperable Blockchains: A Survey on the Role of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Interoperability

et al. 2021

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“…XChain includes a three-phase-protocol that generalizes atomic cross-chain swaps, in which two entities, the leaders and the followers exchange assets [150]. Hashed timelock contracts are leveraged to resolve the order of issuing contracts and reedeming locked funds from smart contracts.…”

Section: Black Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Blockchain Interoperability: Past, Present, and Future Trends

Belchior¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Guerreiro³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Blockchain interoperability is emerging as one of the crucial features of blockchain technology, but the knowledge necessary for achieving it is fragmented. This fact makes it challenging for academics and the industry to seamlessly achieve interoperability among blockchains.Given the novelty and potential of this new domain, we conduct a literature review on blockchain interoperability, by collecting 262 papers, and 70 grey literature documents, constituting a corpus of 332 documents. From those 332 documents, we systematically analyzed and discussed 80 documents, including both peer-reviewed papers and grey literature.Our review classifies studies in three categories: Cryptocurrency-directed interoperability approaches, Blockchain Engines, and Blockchain Connectors. Each category is further divided into sub-categories based on defined criteria. We discuss not only studies within each category and subcategory but also across categories, providing a holistic overview of blockchain interoperability, paving the way for systematic research in this domain. Our findings show that blockchain interoperability has a much broader spectrum than cryptocurrencies.The present survey leverages an interesting approach: we systematically contacted the authors of grey literature papers and industry solutions to obtain an updated view of their work. Finally, this paper discusses supporting technologies, standards, use cases, open challenges, and provides several future research directions. CCS Concepts: • Computer systems organization → Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks; Peer-to-peer architectures.

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“…To address this issue, a previous work [3] transforms the transaction to an equivalent transaction such that each party owns the assets that it exchanges. However, the transformed graph might not be strongly connected; and its safe execution requires certain parties to be trusted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Announcement: Brokering with Hashed Timelock Contracts is NP-Hard

Chan

Lesani

2021

Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

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In recent years, many different cryptocurrencies have risen in popularity. Since coins vary in fiat value and functionality, it has become important to securely exchange between them. A common exchange method is hashed timelock contracts (HTLC). However, this method did not support brokerage transactions that allow parties to leverage assets they gain during the transaction. We consider HTLC with brokering. The transaction fees for HTLC is a direct function of the size of the leader set. Thus, brokers are interested in finding the minimum leader set of a given transaction graph. We show that finding the minimum leader set on general transaction graphs with brokering is NP-hard. We then introduce flower transaction graphs, a common type of transaction graphs with brokering, and show that finding the minimum leader set of a flower graph is also NP-hard through a reduction from the knapsack problem. CCS CONCEPTS• Computer systems organization → Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks.

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Cross-chain Transactions

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Towards Interoperable Blockchains: A Survey on the Role of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Interoperability

Towards Interoperable Blockchains: A Survey on the Role of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Interoperability

A Survey on Blockchain Interoperability: Past, Present, and Future Trends

Brief Announcement: Brokering with Hashed Timelock Contracts is NP-Hard

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