Cross bridges as the major source of compliance in contracting skeletal muscle

Bressler, Bernard; Clinch, N. F.

doi:10.1038/256221a0

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An increase of conservative dichroism, as defined in equation (l), is indicative of a tendency for scattering material to become more closely aligned with the direction of strain. The myofilaments are known to be relatively inextensible structures Brown 1967, Elliot et al 1967) and most of the compliance in an activated muscle resides within the cross-bridges (Huxley and Simmons 1971, Bressler and Clinch 1975, Flitney and Hirst 1978a. Some of the features of the transparency change generated during a stretch (see Flitney andEastwood 1983, Eastwood andFlitney 1986) lead us to postulate that the dichroic waveform may signal changes in the angle of attachment of cross-bridges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Paths over Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon Films

Kimura¹,

Inoue²,

Shimoda³

et al. 2001

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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An optoelectronic system is described for making quasi-simultaneous recordings of muscle transparency at orthogonal beam polarisations. A Pockels cell is used to oscillate the €-vector of a laser beam ( j . = 632.8, 514.5, 488 and 457.9 nm) through n12 radians (at 7.4 kHz), between 0 and 90 relative to the muscle long axis. The intensity of light transmitted by the muscle is detected using a photomultiplier tube. The photomultiplier output is fed to a sample-hold device which generates two analogue signals, each of which records the transmitted intensity at one of the two incident €-vector orientations. The data are captured using a dual-channel transient recorder and are stored on floppy discs. The ability of the system to make time-resolved (millisecond scale) measurements of muscle conservative dichroism is illustrated with recordings made during 'ramp' stretches applied to fully activated frog muscles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Paths over Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon Films

Kimura¹,

Inoue²,

Shimoda³

et al. 2001

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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show abstract

“…In this explanation, the same number of bridges initially decay at the same rate as on the plateau, but a constant compressive force reduces the net tension. Some other evidence is available (Bressler & Clinch, 1975;Sandberg & Carlson, 1966;Aubert, 1956), suggesting that metabolic activity and muscle stiffness do not decrease with tension in this range, also supporting scheme (b) above (or possibly (c)).…”

Section: Creepmentioning

confidence: 91%

Intersarcomere dynamics during fixed‐end tetanic contractions of frog muscle fibres.

Julian¹,

Morgan²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

130

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SUMMARY1. The stability of sarcomere lengths along single twitch fibres from frog muscles was examined during fixed-end tetani, using a spot follower apparatus to monitor the length of a central segment.2. Internal movement, with most of the fibre lengthening and small regions at the ends shortening as the contraction proceeded, was always seen at fibre lengths beyond those corresponding to a sarcomere length of 2-3 pim.3. The rate of lengthening of the central region was fastest during the slow phase of tension rise (creep) but continued at a slower rate throughout the tetanus. These observations are in accord with the idea that progressive development of sarcomere non-uniformity is responsible for the creep phase.4. Observations at various muscle lengths of the rate of decay of tension and the duration of the slow phase of relaxation suggest that movement during relaxation is due to sarcomere length non-uniformities and variations of decay rate with sarcomere length.5. The rate of tension fall after stimulation ceases in an isometric sarcomere, and the factors which determine that rate, are discussed in view of evidence from fixed-end and length-clamped tetani, and recently reported experiments using aequorin.

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“…Using ramp releases, Bressler & Clinch (1975) found that stiffness was approximately constant above 1-821jm and only slightly less at 1-7#jm. Our results show much less scatter than theirs but agree with the over-all conclusion that the stiffness does not fall proportionately with force in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tension, stiffness, unloaded shortening speed and potentiation of frog muscle fibres at sarcomere lengths below optimum.

Julian¹,

Morgan²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Unloaded shortening velocity, stiffness, and the effects of potentiators were studied to understand the basis for the shallow ascending limb (1'65-2'0jm sarcomere length) of the sarcomere length-tension diagram of frog single fibres.2. The velocity of externally unloaded shortening was found to be constant over most of this range. It is therefore unlikely that this part of the sarcomere length-tension diagram results from an internal force opposing shortening.3. Stiffness was found not to vary in proportion with tension between sarcomere lengths 1-65 and 2'0,sm, nor to be constant between 2-0 and 2'2,um, where tension is constant. By assuming a small filament compliance, the observations could be adequately modelled on the hypothesis that the variation in tension in the range of sarcomere lengths 1-65-2 0,m was caused by variations in the number of attached cross-bridges. 4. The twitch potentiators Zn2 , tetraethylammonium (TEA), nitrate and caffeine were found not to change the shape of the sarcomere length-tension diagram.Potentiation in a tetanus was less than 3 % in all experiments.5. Contractures induced by raised [K+] in the bathing solution were found to produce more tension than a tetanus beyond optimum length, insignificantly different tension near optimum length, and less tension at sarcomere lengths near 1'7,sm. An explanation is proposed for these results in terms of inhomogeneous activation and internal motion.6. It is concluded that there is no evidence from this work that a tetanized fibre is other than maximally activated over the range of sarcomere lengths spanned by the shallow ascending limb.

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Cross bridges as the major source of compliance in contracting skeletal muscle

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Current Paths over Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon Films

Current Paths over Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon Films

Intersarcomere dynamics during fixed‐end tetanic contractions of frog muscle fibres.

Tension, stiffness, unloaded shortening speed and potentiation of frog muscle fibres at sarcomere lengths below optimum.

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