Cross-Border Interaction Spurs Innovation and Hope Among Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Women of Ethiopia and Kenya

Coppock, D. Layne; Desta, Solomon; Gebru, Getachew; Mutinda, Mark Ndunda; Muthoka, Stellamaris; Aboud, A. A.; Yonas, Azeb

doi:10.2111/rangelands-d-13-00039.1

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This escalates their vulnerability to drought, being also burdened with household chores. Despite numerous challenges, women are effective at collective action at the local level, organizing themselves in women groups and contributing in a big way to rural development (Coppock et al, 2013). In addition, drought reduces employment opportunities especially for youth who work on farms (Notter et al, 2007), thus impacting on sources of incomes and escalating poverty.…”

Section: Drought Impacts On Community Livelihoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Impacts on Community Livelihoods in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro Basin, Kenya

Mati,

Karithi,

Kimaiyo

2023

GEP

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Drought is the most common of all natural disasters in Kenya, in terms of the large areas covered, populations adversely affected and socio-economic impacts. The Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin of Kenya is a drought-prone zone, lying on the lee slopes of both Mt. Kenya and Aberdares range. This study sought to determine opinions of communities on drought and its impacts on their livelihoods. Baseline data were collected from published reports and literature reviews augmented with information gathered through interviews with communities and key informants. Field data were collected mainly in the three counties of Laikipia, Isiolo and Meru, utilizing semi-structured questionnaire surveys. A total of 187 respondents were interviewed of which 150 were community members and 37 were policy makers. The typologies of community respondents interviewed included small-scale farmers, large commercial farmers, pastoralists, conservancies, water user associations and conservation groups. It was found that drought is a serious disaster in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin, which has been escalating. Communities experienced negative impacts of drought, with the biggest problem being water scarcity, closely followed by food and fodder shortages and poor incomes from farming. Other problems include spikes in livestock theft, loss of livestock from diseases and shortage of pasture. Conflicts over water and pasture escalate during droughts and crime increases due to lack of on-farm employment opportunities. Since drought events are natural phenomena expected to happen any time, there is need to identify how to improve local capacities in drought preparedness, adaptation and resilience.

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Section: Drought Impacts On Community Livelihoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Impacts on Community Livelihoods in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro Basin, Kenya

Mati,

Karithi,

Kimaiyo

2023

GEP

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“…Diversification among better-off pastoralists is an increasingly important livelihood strategy whereby placing a family member in waged employment outside of pastoralism, and the rangeland provides capital for reinvesting in the livestock sector (McPeak and Little 2006 ). Over the past two decades, Borana pastoralists have become a major supplier of cattle destined for domestic and international markets (Coppock et al 2012 ). Exports of livestock supplied by Borana began to expand from the early 2000s and particularly after 2009 when Saudi Arabia lifted the ban on livestock imports from the Horn of Africa.…”

Section: Change and Differentiation Across Five Rangeland Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly evolving pastoral and post-pastoral rangelands of Eastern Africa

et al. 2020

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Over the past two decades, the rangelands of Eastern Africa have experienced sweeping changes associated with growing human populations, shifting land use, expanding livestock marketing and trade, and greater investment by domestic and global capital. These trends have coincided with several large shocks that were turning points for how rangeland inhabitants make a living. As livelihoods in the region’s rangelands transform in seemingly paradoxical directions, away from customary pastoralist production systems, greater insight is required of how these transformations might affect poverty and vulnerability. This article reviews the state of what is known regarding directions of livelihood change in the rangelands of Eastern Africa, drawing on case studies of structural change in five settings in the region. It considers the implications of long-term change, as well as the emergence of very different livelihood mixes in pastoral rangelands, for efforts to reduce poverty and vulnerability in these places.

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“…Ethiopia has an entire land area of about 113.624 million hectares (World Data Atlas [WDA], 2021 ). Grazing land is cover about 62% of total land mass and support livelihood of about 12–15 million pastoral and agropastoral communities (Coppock, 2011 ). According to FAO ( 2018 ), about 59.13 million hectares, or 61%–65% of the nation's total land area, are found in the lowlands of the country, which are located below 1500 m.a.s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuation of livestock population and national feed security to enhance livestock productivity in Ethiopia

Begna,

Masho

2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundFeed is a major input in the livestock industry and covers about 60%–70% of the total cost of producing meat, milk and eggs. Inadequate feed supply in terms of quality and quantity leads to lower production performance in livestock. However, the development of an appropriate livestock production strategy through efficient utilization of existing feed resources could raise the production and per capita consumption of livestock products. Efficiency of feed resource utilization can be measured as the ratio between input to production activities and output (e.g. kg of protein used per unit of meat, milk and eggs produced or hectare of land used per unit of milk produced).MethodologyThis study was designed with the objective of evaluating the livestock population and national feed security to enhance livestock productivity in Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, data were collected from the websites of the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency from 2007 to 2021, FAO publications and websites, books and journals. The data obtained on different feed resources, livestock population and livestock feed requirement and balance were entered into an MS Excel spread sheet (Excel, 2010) and analysed using the general linear model (PRO GLM) procedure of SAS (2014) and multivariate analysis of covariance.ResultsThe study results revealed that the livestock population had increased from 58.31 million tropical livestock units (TLU) to 81.10 million tropical livestock units (TLU), and the emission of entericCH4 had increased from 2511.08 Gg/year to 3661.74 Gg/year from 2008 to 2021. The study results also showed that the major available feed resources for ruminants are natural pasture and crop residues, which account for 56.83% (87.56 × 106) and 37.37% (57.57 × 106) of total feed production in the country, respectively. The contribution of concentrate and improved cultivated pasture and feed from permanent crops used as feed sources is very insignificant (3.05% and 1.96%, respectively). The estimated quantity of these feed resources was sufficient to meet the livestock feed requirement in the country in terms of dry matter (DM), digestible crude protein (DCP) and MEJ, which estimated about 153.31 × 106 t, 4.56 × 106 t and 1203.97 × 109 MJ DM, DCP and MEJ, respectively. The estimated livestock feed requirements were 134.62 × 106, 4.52 × 106, and 918.83 × 109 in DM, DCP and MEJ, respectively. The supply covered about 114.33, 100.04 and 131.33% of the DM, DCP and MEJ total annual feed requirements of livestock in the country. Hence, the current feed surplus obtained on feed requirements of ruminants and equines can support the nutrient requirements of 500 × 106 broilers, about 5 × 106 bulls, about 50 × 106 small ruminants or 3 × 106 crossbred lactating dairy cows, yielding 10 L of milk per day.ConclusionsThe findings of study indicated that natural pasture and crop residues cover a major proportion of the annual feed supply in the country. Therefore, proper grazing management, feed conservation practices, improving grazing land vegetation through clearing invasive species, replacing the grazing land with an improved grass and legume mixture, effective collection, conservation and proper utilization of crop residues, and other alternative options such as the use of chemical, physical and biological treatments to improve the nutritive value of fibrous feed should be practiced. More effective extension services and farmer training are also required to increase feed productivity and, hence, human development.

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Cross-Border Interaction Spurs Innovation and Hope Among Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Women of Ethiopia and Kenya

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Drought Impacts on Community Livelihoods in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro Basin, Kenya

Drought Impacts on Community Livelihoods in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro Basin, Kenya

Newly evolving pastoral and post-pastoral rangelands of Eastern Africa

Valuation of livestock population and national feed security to enhance livestock productivity in Ethiopia

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